Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

the case of Brown

Толкование Перевод

1 case

I noun
1) (instance, matter) Fall, der

if that's the case — wenn das so ist

it is [not] the case that... — es trifft [nicht] zu od. stimmt [nicht], dass...

it seems to be the case that they have... — sie scheinen tatsächlich... zu haben

as is generally the case with... — wie das normalerweise bei... der Fall ist

as the case may be — je nachdem

in case... — falls...; für den Fall, dass... (geh.)

[just] in case — (to allow for all possibilities) für alle Fälle

in case of fire/ danger — bei Feuer/Gefahr

in case of emergency — im Notfall

in the case of — bei

in any case — (regardless of anything else) jedenfalls

I don't need it in any case — ich brauche es sowieso nicht

in no case — (certainly not) auf keinen Fall

in that case — in diesem Fall

2) (Med., Police, Soc. Serv., etc., or coll.): (person afflicted) Fall, der

he is a mental/psychiatric case — er ist ein Fall für den Psychiater

3) (Law) Fall, der; (action) Verfahren, das

the case for the prosecution/defence — die Anklage/Verteidigung

put one's case — seinen Fall darlegen

4) (fig.): (set of arguments) Fall, der; (valid set of arguments)

have a [good] case for doing something/for something — gute Gründe haben, etwas zu tun/für etwas haben

make out a case for something — Argumente für etwas anführen

5) (Ling.) Fall, der; Kasus, der (fachspr.)

6) (fig. coll.) (comical person) ulkiger Typ (ugs.); (comical woman) ulkige Nudel (ugs.)
II 1. noun
1) Koffer, der; (small) Handkoffer, der; (briefcase) [Akten]tasche, die; (for musical instrument) Kasten, der

2) (sheath) Hülle, die; (for spectacles, cigarettes) Etui, das; (for jewellery) Schmuckkassette, die

3) (crate) Kiste, die

case of oranges — Kiste [mit] Apfelsinen

4) (glass box) Vitrine, die

[display] case — Schaukasten, der

5) (cover) Gehäuse, das
2. transitive verb
1) (box) verpacken

2) (sl.): (examine)

case the joint — sich (Dat.) den Laden mal ansehen (ugs.)

* * *
I [keis] noun
1) (an instance or example: another case of child-beating; a bad case of measles.) der Fall

2) (a particular situation: It's different in my case.) der Fall

3) (a legal trial: The judge in this case is very fair.) der Fall

4) (an argument or reason: There's a good case for thinking he's wrong.) der Fall

5) ((usually with the) a fact: I don't think that's really the case.) der Fall

6) (a form of a pronoun (eg he or him), noun or adjective showing its relation to other words in the sentence.) der Fall

•

- academic.ru/116781/in_case">in case
- in case of
- in that case II [keis] noun
1) (a container or outer covering: a case of medical instruments; a suitcase.) der Kasten

2) (a crate or box: six cases of whisky.) die Kiste

3) (a piece of furniture for displaying or containing things: a glass case full of china; a bookcase.) der Schrank

* * *

case¹

[keɪs]

n

1. (situation, instance) Fall m

is that the \case with you? trifft das für Sie zu?

if that is the \case... wenn das der Fall ist...; (is true) wenn das stimmt [o zutrifft]...

in the \case of her having failed... sollte sie nicht bestanden haben,...

it's not a \case of choice but of having to mit Wollen hat das nichts zu tun, eher mit Müssen

in \case of an emergency im Notfall

a \case in point ein [zu]treffendes Beispiel

in most \cases meistens, in den meisten Fällen

as [or whatever] the \case might [or may] be wie dem auch sein mag, wie auch immer

in \case... für den Fall, dass..., falls...

in \case the police come, hide the money versteck das Geld, falls [o für den Fall, dass] die Polizei kommt

bring a map, just in \case you get lost bring eine Karte mit, nur für den Fall, dass du dich verirrst

just in \case für alle Fälle

in any \case (besides)

I haven't been invited in any \case ich bin sowieso nicht eingeladen

we'll have a look, but it may be too expensive for us in any \case wir schauen es uns mal an, es ist aber vielleicht sowieso zu teuer für uns; (at least)

the school, or in any \case the head, is against the council's plans die Schule, oder zumindest der Rektor, ist gegen die Gemeindepläne; (regardless)

in any \case, they ended up having a big argument am Ende haben sie sich jedenfalls [o auf jeden Fall] heftig gestritten

in no \case unter keinen Umständen, auf keinen Fall

2. (matter) Angelegenheit f, Frage f

a \case of conscience eine Gewissensfrage

3. LAW (matter) [Rechts]fall m, Sache f; (suit) Verfahren nt

is he the detective on the \case? ist er der Kriminalbeamte, der den Fall bearbeitet

the \case went against her es wurde gegen sie entschieden

there was no \case against her es lag nichts gegen sie vor

an assault \case ein Fall m von Körperverletzung

murder \case Mordfall m

civil/criminal \case Zivil-/Strafsache f, Zivil-/Strafverfahren m

to come down to \cases zur Sache kommen

to lose/win a \case einen Prozess verlieren/gewinnen

to state one's \case ( also fig) seinen Fall vortragen a. fig

4. MED Fall m

\case of malaria (illness) Malariafall m, Fall m von Malaria; (patient) ein Malariakranker

mental \case Geisteskranke(r) f(m)

5. usu sing (arguments) Argumente pl (for/against für/gegen + akk)

there's a good [or strong] \case for buying our products es gibt viele [gute] Gründe, unsere Produkte zu kaufen

is there a good \case for reinstating him? was spricht dafür, ihn wieder einzusetzen?

to make [out] a \case against/for sth gegen/für etw akk argumentieren

to make out a good \case for sth gute [o überzeugende] Argumente für etw akk vorbringen

to overstate the \case etw zu vehement vertreten

6. no pl LAW (evidence) Beweisvorbringen nt fachspr

let's hear the \case for the defence die Verteidigung hat das Wort

the \case rests die Beweisführung ist abgeschlossen

I rest my \case ( fig fam) genau, das sage ich ja schon die ganze Zeit! fam

a good [or strong] \case ein aussichtsreiches Vorbringen fachspr

he has a good [or strong] \case seine Klage erscheint aussichtsreich

no \case to answer unschlüssiges Vorbringen fachspr

there is no \case to answer das Vorbringen ist unschlüssig fachspr

she has no \case to answer die gegen sie erhobene Klage ist unschlüssig fachspr

the court decided that there was no \case to answer die Klage wurde als unschlüssig abgewiesen fachspr

the prosecution failed to make a \case [for him] to answer die Staatsanwaltschaft konnte keinen schlüssigen Beweise [gegen ihn] vorbringen

to close the \case die Beweisaufnahme schließen

7. ( fig: person)

he's a \case ( also hum fam) er ist eine komische Type fam

a hard \case ein schwieriger Fall; (criminal) ein schwerer Junge fam

to be a hopeless/sad \case ein hoffnungsloser/trauriger Fall sein

8. no pl ( fam: nerves)

to be [or get] on sb's \case jdm auf die Nerven gehen fam

get off my \case! hör auf, mich zu nerven! fam

9. LING Fall m, Kasus m fachspr

to be in the accusative/genitive \case im Akkusativ/Genitiv stehen

case²

[keɪs]

n

1. (suitcase) Koffer m

2. (for display) Vitrine f, Schaukasten m

3. (packaging plus contents) Kiste f; for instruments Kasten m

a \case of wine eine Kiste Wein

4. (small container) Schatulle f; (for hat) Schachtel f; (for spectacles) Etui nt; (for musical instrument) Kasten m; (for CD, MC, umbrella) Hülle f

5. TYPO Setzkasten m

lower/upper \case letter Klein-/Großbuchstabe m

to be written in lower/upper \case letters kleingeschrieben/großgeschrieben sein

case³

[keɪs]

vt ( fam)

to \case the joint sich dat den Laden mal ansehen sl

to \case a place einen Ort inspizieren

* * *
I [keɪs]
n

1) (= situation) Fall m

if that's the case — wenn das der Fall ist, wenn das zutrifft or stimmt

is that the case with you? — ist das bei Ihnen der Fall?, trifft das auf Sie zu?

if it is the case that you're right... — sollten Sie wirklich or tatsächlich recht haben..., im Fall(e), dass Sie tatsächlich recht haben...

if it is a case of his not having been informed — wenn er nicht benachrichtigt worden ist

such being the case — da das der Fall ist, da dem so ist (geh)

as the case may be — je nachdem

2) (= instance, police case MED ETC) Fall m

in most cases — meist( ens), in den meisten Fällen

a typical case (of) —

it's a clear case of double standards — das ist ein klarer Fall von Doppelmoral

in case — falls

(just) in case — für alle Fälle

in case of emergency — im Notfall m, bei Gefahr f

in any case — sowieso

in this/that case — in dem Fall

in no case — unter keinen Umständen, auf keinen Fall

in such a case — in einem solchen Fall

five cases of smallpox/pneumonia — fünf Pockenfälle/Fälle von Lungenentzündung f

3) (JUR) Fall m

to win one's case — seinen Prozess gewinnen

the case for the defence/prosecution — die Verteidigung/Anklage

what's the case for the prosecution? — worauf stützt sich die Anklage?

could we hear the case for the defence? — das Wort hat die Verteidigung

the Keeler case — der Fall Keeler

in the case Higgins v Schwarz —

to take a case to the High Court — einen Fall vors oberste Gericht bringen

to make out a good case for sth — überzeugende Argumente für etw liefern

the case for/against the abolition of capital punishment — die Argumente für/gegen die Abschaffung der Todesstrafe

you haven't got a case — das Belastungsmaterial reicht nicht für ein Verfahren; (fig) Sie haben keine Handhabe

to have a good case (Jur) — gute Chancen haben durchzukommen

you/they have a good case — es ist durchaus gerechtfertigt, was Sie/sie sagen

there's a very good case for adopting this method — es spricht sehr viel dafür, diese Methode zu übernehmen

they do not have a very good case — sie haben nicht viel Chancen, damit durchzukommen

to put one's case — seinen Fall darlegen

to put the case for sth —

there's a strong case for legalizing pot — es spricht viel für die Legalisierung von Hasch

there's a good case for voting Labour — es gibt viele Gründe, Labour zu wählen

the court decided that there was no case against him — das Gericht entschied, dass nichts gegen ihn vorlag

a case of conscience — eine Gewissensfrage or -entscheidung

4) (GRAM) Fall m, Kasus m

in the genitive case — im Genitiv

5) (inf: person) Witzbold m, Type f (inf)

a hopeless/sad case —

a hard case — ein schwieriger Fall

6) (inf)

to be on sb's case ( about sth) — jdn (wegen etw) nerven (inf)

to get on sb's case (about sth) — an jdm (wegen etw) herummeckern (inf)

get off my case! — lass mich in Ruhe! (inf)
II
1. n

1) (= suitcase) Koffer m; (= crate, packing case) Kiste f; (= display case) Vitrine f, Schau- or Glaskasten m

a case of champagne — eine Kiste Champagner

2) (= box) Schachtel f; (for jewels) Schatulle f, Kästchen nt; (for spectacles) Etui nt, Futteral nt; (= seed case) Hülse f, Hülle f; (for CD, umbrella) Hülle f; (= pillowcase) Bezug m; (for musical instrument) Kasten m; (of watch) Gehäuse nt

3) (TYP)

upper/lower case — groß-/kleingeschrieben

2. vt (inf)

to case the joint — sich (dat) den Laden ansehen (inf)

* * *

case¹ [keıs]

A s

1. Fall m:

a case in point ein typischer Fall, ein einschlägiges Beispiel;

a clear case of injustice ein klarer Fall von Ungerechtigkeit;

it is a case of es handelt sich um; → shoplifting, etc

2. Fall m, Umstand m, Lage f:

in any case

a) auf jeden Fall, jedenfalls,

b) sowieso;

in no case auf keinen Fall, keinesfalls;

in case

a) auch in case that … im Falle, dass …; falls

b) für alle Fälle;

in case of im Falle von (od gen);

in case of need nötigenfalls, im Notfall;

in that case in diesem Falle;

just in case für den Fall eines Falles;

the case is this die Sache ist die, der Fall liegt so;

as the case may be je nachdem

3. Fall m, Tatsache f:

that is not the case (with him) das ist (bei ihm) nicht der Fall, das trifft (auf ihn) nicht zu;

as is the case with me wie es bei mir der Fall ist;

if that is the case wenn das der Fall ist, wenn das zutrifft

4. Sache f, Angelegenheit f, Frage f:

case of conscience Gewissensfrage;

that alters the case das ändert die Sache;

come down to cases umg zur Sache kommen

5. JUR (Streit-, Rechts) Sache f, (Rechts) Fall m:

the case of Brown der Fall Brown; → leading case

6. besonders JUR

a)(Gesamtheit f der) Tatsachen pl und Beweise pl, Beweismaterial n

b) ( auch begründeter) Standpunkt (einer Partei)

c) allg Argumente pl, (triftige) Gründe pl:

the case for the defence (US defense) die Verteidigung;

make out a case seine Sache beweisen;

make out one’s case triftige Gründe vorlegen, seine Gründe als stichhaltig beweisen;

state one’s case seine Klage oder Verteidigung od (a. allg)seine Sache vortragen;

he has a good ( oder strong) case viele Tatsachen sprechen für ihn, er hat gute Beweise, seine Sache steht gut;

there is a case for it es gibt triftige Gründe dafür, vieles spricht dafür;

have no case against sb nichts gegen jemanden in der Hand haben; → rest¹ C 7

7. LING Kasus m, Fall m

8. MED (Krankheits)Fall m, Patient(in):

two cases of typhoid zwei Fälle von Typhus, zwei Typhuskranke

9. umg komischer Kauz

10. US umg Verliebtheit f:

they had quite a case on each other sie waren schrecklich ineinander verknallt

B v/t umg eine Bank etc ausbaldowern sl, auskundschaften:

case the joint sich den Laden genau ansehen

case² [keıs]

A s

1. Kiste f, Kasten m:

a case of wine eine Kiste Wein

2. allg Behälter m, Behältnis n, besonders

a) Schachtel f

b) (Schmuck) Kästchen n

c) (Brillen-, Zigaretten- etc) Etui n, (Brillen-, Messer) Futteral n, (Schutz)Hülle f (für Bücher, Messer etc)

d) (Akten-, Schreib) Mappe f

e) Koffer m

f) (Glas) Schrank m

g) (Uhr- etc) Gehäuse n

h) (Kissen) Bezug m, Überzug m

3. Besteckkasten m (eines Chirurgen etc):

case of instruments Besteck n

4. ARCH (Tür-, Fenster) Futter n, Einfassung f

5. Buchbinderei: Einbanddecke f

6. TYPO Setzkasten m: → lower case 1, upper case 1

7. TECH Verkleidung f, Mantel m

8. MIL → case shot

B v/t

1. in ein Gehäuse oder Futteral stecken, mit einem Gehäuse oder einer Hülle umgeben

2. (in) einhüllen (in akk), umgeben (mit)

3. JAGD einen Fuchs etc abziehen, abbalgen

4. Buchbinderei: den Buchblock (in die Einbanddecke) einhängen

5. TECH verkleiden, ummanteln

6. TYPO Lettern in den Setzkasten einordnen

cs. abk WIRTSCH case ( cases pl)

* * *
I noun
1) (instance, matter) Fall, der

if that's the case — wenn das so ist

it is [not] the case that... — es trifft [nicht] zu od. stimmt [nicht], dass...

it seems to be the case that they have... — sie scheinen tatsächlich... zu haben

as is generally the case with... — wie das normalerweise bei... der Fall ist

as the case may be — je nachdem

in case... — falls...; für den Fall, dass... (geh.)

[just] in case — (to allow for all possibilities) für alle Fälle

in case of fire/ danger — bei Feuer/Gefahr

in case of emergency — im Notfall

in the case of — bei

in any case — (regardless of anything else) jedenfalls

I don't need it in any case — ich brauche es sowieso nicht

in no case — (certainly not) auf keinen Fall

in that case — in diesem Fall

2) (Med., Police, Soc. Serv., etc., or coll.): (person afflicted) Fall, der

he is a mental/psychiatric case — er ist ein Fall für den Psychiater

3) (Law) Fall, der; (action) Verfahren, das

the case for the prosecution/defence — die Anklage/Verteidigung

put one's case — seinen Fall darlegen

4) (fig.): (set of arguments) Fall, der; (valid set of arguments)

have a [good] case for doing something/for something — gute Gründe haben, etwas zu tun/für etwas haben

make out a case for something — Argumente für etwas anführen

5) (Ling.) Fall, der; Kasus, der (fachspr.)

6) (fig. coll.) (comical person) ulkiger Typ (ugs.); (comical woman) ulkige Nudel (ugs.)
II 1. noun
1) Koffer, der; (small) Handkoffer, der; (briefcase) [Akten]tasche, die; (for musical instrument) Kasten, der

2) (sheath) Hülle, die; (for spectacles, cigarettes) Etui, das; (for jewellery) Schmuckkassette, die

3) (crate) Kiste, die

case of oranges — Kiste [mit] Apfelsinen

4) (glass box) Vitrine, die

[display] case — Schaukasten, der

5) (cover) Gehäuse, das
2. transitive verb
1) (box) verpacken

2) (sl.): (examine)

case the joint — sich (Dat.) den Laden mal ansehen (ugs.)

* * *

(carpentry) n.

Zarge -n (Tür, Fenster) f. n.

Angelegenheit f.

Fach ¨-er n.

Fall ¨-e m.

Gehäuse - n.

Kiste -n f.

Koffer - m.

Prozess -e m.

Sache -n f.

English-german dictionary > case
2 hold the fort

разг.

1) держаться, удерживать свои позиции, оставаться на своём посту [этим. воен. оборонять, удерживать форт]

Mr. George Brown's determination to hold the Foreign Office fort... (Suppl) — Мистер Джордж Браун решил остаться на своем посту в министерстве иностранных дел...

2) замещать временно, заменять кого-л

...Helen and Mary are off downtown on some errand: you just missed them. So I'm here alone, holding the fort. (E. O'Connor, ‘The Edge of Sadness’, ch. XI) —...Элен и Мэри только что ушли в город по делам. Вы с ними разошлись. Так что я один караулю дом.

You... hold the fort. I'll be back as soon as I can get in touch with Paul. (E. S. Gardner, ‘The Case of the Grinning Gorilla’, ch. 13) — Ты... пока представляй фирму, а я вернусь, как только свяжусь с Полем.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > hold the fort
3 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse: XIIth Century-XXth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925, 1952 (2nd edition, B. Vi-digal, ed.).

   ■. Portuguese Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922, 1970 (2nd edition, B. Vidigal, ed.).

   ■ Bleiberg, German, Maureen Ihrie, and Janet Pérez, eds. Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula, 2 vols. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1993.

   ■ Castro, Francisco Lyon de, ed. História da literatura portuguesa, 7 vols. Lisbon: Alfa, 2001-02.

   ■ Cidade, Hernani. Lições de Cultura e Literatura Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■ Cook, Manuela. Portuguese: A Complete Course for Beginners. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996. Figueiredo, Fidelino. História literária de Portugal. Coimbra, 1944. Gentile, Georges Le. La Littérature Portugaise. Rev. ed. Paris, 1951. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.

   ■ Longland, Jean. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry. A Bilingual Selection. Irvington-on-Hudson: Harvey House, 1966. Prado Coelho, Jacinto do. Dicionário das Literaturas Portuguesas, Galega e Brasileira, 3rd ed. Oporto, 1978. Rossi, Giuseppe C. Storia della letteratura portoghesa. Florence, 1953.

   ■ Santos, João Camilo dos. "Portuguese Contemporary Literature." In Antônio Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 218-42. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Saraiva, Antônio José. História da cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-60.

   ■. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990 ed.

   ■, and Oscar Lopes. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Oporto and Coimbra, 1992 ed.

   ■ Seguier, Jaime de, ed. Dicionário Prático Ilustrado. Oporto: Lello, 1961 and later eds.

   ■ Simões, João Gaspar. História da poesia portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1955-56 and later eds.

   ■. História da poesia portuguesa do século XX. Lisbon, 1959 and later eds.

   ■ Stern, Irwin, ed.-in-chief. Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.

   ■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Adragão, José Victor. The Algarve: The Land, the Sea and Its People. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.

   ■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.

   ■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.

   ■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.

   ■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.

   ■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.

   ■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.

   ■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. Paris and New York: Flammarion, 1995. Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Minho and North Portugal: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1968.

   ■. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■. Algarve: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1973.

   ■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)

   ■ Alarção, Jorge de. Roman Portugal. Volume I: Introduction. Warminster, U.K., 1988.

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História de Portugal. Vol. I. Coimbra, 1922. Arnaut, Salvador Dias. A Crise Nacional dos fins do século XVI. Vol. 1. Coimbra, 1960.

   ■ Baião, Antônio, Hernani Cidade, and Manuel Múrias, eds. História de Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40. Caetano, Marcello. Lições de História do Direito Português. Coimbra, 1962. Cortesão, Jaime. Os Factores Democráticos no Formação de Portugal. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ David, Pierre. Etudes Historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VI au XII siécle. Paris, 1947.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999. Diffie, Bailey W. Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas before Henry the Navigator. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1960. Dutra, Francis A. "Portugal: To 1279." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 35-48. New York: Scribners, 1987.

   ■. "Portugal: 1279-1481." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 48-56. New York: Scribners, 1987. Gama Barros, Henrique de. História de Administração Pública em Portugal nos séculos XII à XV, 11 vols. Lisbon, 1945-51. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. A Economia dos Descobrimentos Henriquinos. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Gonzaga de Azevedo, Luís. História de Portugal, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1939-44.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. História de Portugal, 8 vols., 9th ed. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Kennedy, Hugh. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Anda-lus. London: Longman, 1996.

   ■ Lencastre e Tavora, Luía Gonzaga. O Estudo da Sigilografia Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. The Origins of Spain and Portugal. London: Allen & Unwin, 1971.

   ■ Lopes, David. "Os Árabes nas obras de Alexandre Herculano." Boletim da Segunda Classe. Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciéncias, III (1909-10). MacKendrick, Paul. The Iberian Stones Speak. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro Soares. História Diplomática De Portugal [chapter I, 114315]. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Mattoso, José, ed. A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa: A Família e o Poder. Lisbon: Estampa, 1981.

   ■. Religião e cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1982.

   ■. Identificaçao de um país ( ensaio sobre as orígens de Portugal), 2 vols. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■. Novos Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1988.

   ■. Historia de Portugal. Vol. 2: A Monarquia Feudal ( 1096-1480). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. Hansa e Portugal na Idade Média. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■. Introduçao à História da Agricultura em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■. Daily Life in Portugal in the Middle Ages. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.

   ■. Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■. "Introduçao à História da Cidade Medieval Portuguesa." Bracara Augusta XXV, 92-93 (January-December 1981): 367-87.

   ■. Guía do Estudante de História Medieval Portuguesa, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■. Portugal Na Crise Dos Séculos XIV e XV-Vol. IV of Serrão and Oliveira Marques, Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Peres, Damião de, ed. História de Portugal. Vols. I, II. Barcelos, 1928-29.

   ■ Rau, Virginia. Subsídios para o estudo das Feiras Medievais Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■. Sesma'rias Medievais Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. "Portugal, formação de." Dicionário da História de Portugal. Vol. III, 432-51. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. The Travels of the Infante Dom Pedro of Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961.

   ■ Russell, P. E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1968.

   ■ Silva, Armando Coelho Ferreira. A Cultura Castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Pacos de Ferreira, 1986.

   ■ Varagnac, André. O Homem antes da Escrita ( Pre-história). Lisbon, 1963.

   ■ Imperial and Early Modern (1415-1822)

   ■ Azevedo, J. Lúcio de. História de António de Vieira, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1918-20.

   ■. Épocas de Portugal Económico. Lisbon, 1929.

   ■ Borges de Macedo, Jorge. Problemas de História de Indústria Portuguesa no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. "Pombal." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. III, 415-23. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ Bovill, Edward W. The Battle of the Alcazar: An Account of the Defeat of Dom Sebastian at El-Ksar el-Kebir. London, 1952.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg, South Africa: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■. João de Barros: Portuguese Humanist and Historian of Asia. New Delhi, India: Xavier Centre, 1981.

   ■ Cheke, Marcus. Dictator of Portugal: A Life of the Marquis of Pombal, 16991782. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1938.

   ■ Cunha, Luís da. Testamento Político. Lisbon, 1820.

   ■ Davidson, Lillias C. Catherine of Bragança. London: John Murray, 1908.

   ■ Dutra, Francis A. "Membership in the Order of Christ in the Seventeenth Century." The Americas 27 (1970): 3-25.

   ■ Eberlein, H. D., and R. W. Ramsdell. The Practical Book of Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Furniture. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1927.

   ■ Ericeira, Luís de Meneses [Count of]. História de Portugal Restaurado, 4 vols. Oporto, 1945.

   ■ Fisher, H. E. S. "Anglo-Portuguese Trade, 1700-70." Economic History Review XVI, 2 (1963): 219-33.

   ■. The Portugal Trade: A Study of Anglo-Portuguese Commerce, 1700- 1770. London: Methuen, 1971.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal: 1691-1708. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal, 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. Economy and Society in Baroque Portugal, 1668-1703. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1981.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. New York: AMS Press, 1968 reprint.

   ■ Kendrick, T. D. The Lisbon Earthquake. London: Methuen, 1956.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Privileges of an Englishman in the Kingdom and Dominions of Portugal." Atlante 11 (1954): 57-77.

   ■ Macauley, Neil. Dom Pedro: The Struggle for Liberty in Brazil and Portugal, 1798-1834. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1986.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. London: Carcanet, 1990.

   ■ Magalhães Godinho, Vitorino. Prix et Monnaies au Portugal. Paris, 1955.

   ■. "Portugal and Her Empire." In New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1961): 509-10.

   ■. A Economia dos descobrimentos henri-quinos. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■. Estructura da Antiga Sociedade Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Mauro, Frédéric. Le Portugal et l'Atlantique au XVII siécle ( 1570-1670). Paris: SEVPEN, 1960.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Pombal and the Nationalization of the Luso-Brazilian Economy." Hispanic American Historical Review XLVIII (November 1968): 608-31.

   ■. Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750-1808. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

   ■ Norris, A. H., and R. W. Bremner. The Lines of Torres Vedras. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal, 1980.

   ■ Oliveira, Antônio de. A Vida Económica e Social de Coimbra de 1537 à 1640, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1971-72.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Royal Power and the Cortes in Portugal. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1927.

   ■. Portuguese Pioneers. London: Black, 1933.

   ■. "The Mode of Government in Portugal during the Restoration [1640-68] Period." In Edgar Prestage, ed., Melange d'Etudes Portugaises Offerts a M. Georges Le Gentil, 265-70. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Rabassa, Gregory. "Padre Antônio Vieira: Portugal's Amazing Polymath." Camões Centre Quarterly 2, 3-4 (Autumn and Winter 1990): 27-32. Rau, Virginia. D. Catarina de Bragança: Rainha de Inglaterra. Lisbon, 1944. Ricard, Robert. "Prophecy and Messianism in the Works of Antônio Vieira." The Americas 37 (1960): 357-88.

   ■ Roche, T. W. E. Philippa: Dona Filipa of Portugal. London: Phillimore, 1971.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. The Travels of the Infante Dom Pedro of Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961.

   ■ Rooney, Peter T. "Hapsburg Fiscal Policies in Portugal, 1580-1640." Journal of European Economic History 23, 3 (1994): 545-62.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. "The Religion of the Marranos." Jewish Quarterly Review 22 (1931): 1-33.

   ■. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Saraiva, Antônio José. Inquisição e Cristãos-Novos. Oporto, 1969.

   ■. A Inquisição Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1969 and later eds.

   ■ Schneider, Susan. O Marquês De Pombal E O Vinho Do Porto: Dependência e subdesenvolvimento em Portugal no século XVIII. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Shaw, L. M. E. Trade, Inquisition and the English Nation in Portugal, 16401690. London: Carcancet, 1989.

   ■ Shillington, V. M., and A. B. W. Chapman. The Commercial Relations of England and Portugal. London: Routledge, 1907.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Smith, John Athelstone [Conde de Carnota]. Marquis of Pombal, 2nd ed. London, 1872.

   ■ Thomas, Gerturde Z. Richer Than Spices. New York: Knopf, 1965. Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Constitutional Monarchy and Liberalism (1822-1910)

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. O Cinco de Outubro. Lisbon, 1965. Brandão, Raúl. Memórias, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1969 ed.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. O desenvolvimento do capitalismo em Portugal no século XIX. Lisbon, 1981. Caetano, Marcello. História Breve das Constituções portuguesas. Lisbon, 1971 ed.

   ■ Carnota, Conde da. Memoirs of Marshal, the Duke of Saldanha, with Selections from His Correspondence, 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1880. Carvalho, Joaquim de. Estudos sobre a cultura portuguesa do século XIX. Coimbra, 1955.

   ■ Cheke, Marcus. Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1947.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Zé Provinho na Obra de Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Fuschini, Augusto. Liquidações políticas. Lisbon, 1896.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. Estrutura da Antiga Sociedade Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975 ed.

   ■ Hammond, Richard J. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

   ■ Homem, Amadeu Carvalho. A Propaganda Republicana ( 1870-1910). Coimbra, 1990.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. Portugal: A Short History. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1973. Machado, Alvaro Manuel. A Geração de 70-uma revolução cultural e literária. Lisbon, 1986 ed.

   ■ Martins, Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira. Portugal Contemporâneo, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953 ed.

   ■ Medina, João. Eça Político. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Mônica, Maria Filomena. Fontes Pereira de Melo. Oporto: Ed. Afrontamento, 1999.

   ■ Nobre, Eduardo. Paixoes Reais. Lisbon: Quimera, 2002.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. Livre Câmbio e Desenvolvimento Económico: Portugal na segunda metade do século XIX. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■. Revolução, Finanças, Dependência Externa ( de 1820 à convenção de Gramido). Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Peres, Damião, ed. História de Portugal. Volume III. Barcelos, 1935 ed.

   ■ Ramos, Rui. D.Carlos. 1863-1908. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2006.

   ■. Liberal Reformism in Portugal. Oliveira Martins, the Movement for New Life and the Politics of the Constitutional Monarchy ( 1885-1908). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

   ■ Rorick, David. Maria da Fonte: History and Myth. M.A. thesis, History Department, Sonoma State University, Sonoma, Calif., 1984.

   ■ Sá, Vítor de. Perspectivas do Século XIX. Lisbon, 1964.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. Sampaio Bruno: O homem e o pensamento. Lisbon, 1958.

   ■. Temas Oitocentistas, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1959-62.

   ■. "Liberalismo." In Joel Serrão, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. II, 732-41. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Do Sebastianismo ao Socialismo. Lisbon, 1975 ed.

   ■ Silbert, Albert. Do Portugal de Antiga Regime ao Portugal Oitocentista. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Teles, Basílio. Do Ultimatum ao 31 de Janeiro. Lisbon, 1968 ed.

   ■ Parliamentary, Republican Portugal (1910-26)

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. A Cadeira do Sidónio Pais. Lisbon, 1980. Arriaga, Manuel de. Na primeira presidência da República Portugueza: Um rápido relatório. Lisbon, 1916.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey, F. G. In Portugal. London, 1912.

   ■. Portugal of the Portuguese. London: Pitman, 1915.

   ■ Bragança-Cunha, V. de. Revolutionary Portugal, 1910-1936. London: Swift, 1937.

   ■ Brandão, Raúl. Memórias, 3 vols. In Brandão, Obras Completas. Lisbon, 1969.

   ■ Burity, Braz [Pseudonym of Joaquim Madureira]. A Forja da Lei. Coimbra, 1915.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. Portugal Na Alvorada Do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■. 'The Aesthetics of Nationalism: Modernism and Authoritarianism in Early 20th-Century Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 26, 1 (Summer 1989): 15-43. Campos, Ezequiel. Política. Oporto, 1924.

   ■ Cardia, Sottomayor, ed. Seara Nova: Antologia. Pela Reforma da República (1, 2) 1921-1926, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1971-72.

   ■ Carqueja, Bento. O Povo de Portugal. Oporto, 1916.

   ■. O Futuro de Portugal: Portugal Apos À Guerra. Oporto, 1920.

   ■ Chagas, João. Diário, 1914-1918, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1929-30.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. "Memórias da Grande Guerra." In Obras Completas de Jaime Cortesão. Lisbon, 1969.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. As Minhas Memórias, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1966-68.

   ■ Derou, Jean. Les Relations Franco-Portugaises ( 1910-1926). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1986.

   ■ Fazenda, Pedro. A Crise Política. Lisbon, 1926.

   ■ Ferrão, Carlos. História De la República. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ferreira, David. "5 De Outubro de 1910." In Joel Serrão, ed., Dicionário de História De Portugal III (1968): 264-67. Ferreira Martins, Gen. Luís, ed. Portugal na Grande Guerra, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Gomes da Costa, Gen. Manuel. Memórias. Lisbon, 1930. História Política da Primeira República Portuguesa ( 1910-1915), 2 vols. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Lorenzo, Felix. Portugal ( cinco anos de republica). Madrid, 1915.

   ■ Machado, Bernardino. Depois de 21 de Maio. Lisbon, 1922.

   ■ Machado Santos, Antônio. 1907-1910: A revolução portugueza. Relatôrio.

   ■ Lisbon, 1911. Madureira, Arnaldo. 0 28 De Maio. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Magno, David. Livro da Guerra de Portugal na Flandres. Oporto, 1920.

   ■. A Situação Portuguesa. Oporto, 1926.

   ■ Marques Guedes, Armando. Cinco Meses no governo. Oporto, 1926.

   ■ Martins, Rocha. Memórias sobre Sidónio Pais. Lisbon, 1921.

   ■ Medeiros, Fernando. Nas Orígens Do A Sociedade E A Economia Portuguesas Salazarismo. Lisbon, 1978. Medina, João. "Oh! a República!...," Estudos sobre o Republicanismo e a Primeira República Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■, ed. História Contemporânea De Portugal: Primeira República, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Mônica, Maria Filomena. "Uma Aristocracia Operária: Os Chapeleiros (18701913)." Análise Social 60, 2nd series (1979). Montalvor, Luís de, ed. História de Regimen Republicano em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1930-32.

   ■ Oliveira, César. O Operariado E A República Democrática, 1910-1914. Oporto, 1972.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. "The Portuguese 1920s: A General Survey." Iberian Studies 2 (1973): 32-40.

   ■. História De la República Portuguesa: As Estruturas De Base, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1973-74.

   ■. A Primeira República Portuguesa: Alguns aspectos estruturais. Lisbon, 1975 ed.

   ■. O Terceiro Governo Afonso Costa— 1917. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Pabôn, Jesus. La Revolución Portuguesa, 2 vols. Madrid, 1945-46; Portuguese edition: Lisbon, 1961. Paxeco, Oscar. Os Que Arrancaram Em 28 De Maio. Lisbon, 1937. Peres, Damião, ed. História De Portugal. Ediçao Monumental: Supplemento. Oporto, 1954.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. A Memória do Presidente— Rei Sidónio Pais. Lisbon, 1928.

   ■ Relvas, José. Memórias Políticas, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1977-78.

   ■ Schwartzman, Kathleen C. "Lucros, investimentos e coligações políticas na I República." Análise Social XVIII, 72-71 (1982): 741-58.

   ■. The Social Origins of Democratic Collapse: The First Portuguese Republic in the Global Economy. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1989.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. Liberalismo, socialismo e republicanismo. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Silva, Antônio Maria da. O Meu Depoimento, 2 vols. Mem Martins, 1978-82.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Poder e a guerra, 1914-1918. Lisbon: Estampa, 1996.

   ■, and Antônio Costa Pinto, eds. A Primeira República Portuguesa: Entre O Liberalismo E O Autoritarismo. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 2000.

   ■ Telo, Antônio José. Decadência E Queda Da I República Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1980-84.

   ■ Torre (Gomez), Hipôlito dela, and J. Sanchez Cervello. Portugal En El Siglo XX. Madrid: Ediciones Istmo: Colecciôn La Historia en sus textos, 1992.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. "A República e as classes trabalhadores (Outubro 1910-Agosto 1911)." Análise Social IX, 31 (1972): 293-316.

   ■. O Poder e o Povo: A Revolução de 1910. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Veríssimo Serrao, Joaquim. História De Portugal. Volume XI: A Primeira República ( 1910-1926): História Política, Religiosa, Militar e Ultramarina. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■. História De Portugal Volume XII: História Diplomática, Social, Económica e Cultural. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain and Portugal, 1910-1916." Ph.D. dissertation, History, University of London, 1971.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese Revolution of 1910." Journal of Modern History 44 (June 1972): 172-94.

   ■. Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910-1926. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.

   ■. "Nightmare Republic: Portugal, 1910-1926." History Today (London) 32 (September 1981): 5-10.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young: An Historical Study. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1917.

   ■ Authoritarian Portugal (1926-74)

   ■ Afonso, Rui. Injustiça: O Caso Sousa Mendes. Lisbon: Caminho, 1990.

   ■. Um Homem Bom: Aristides De Sousa Mendes, O " Wallenberg Portuguese' Lisbon: Caminho, 1995.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Os Americanos E Portugal. Vol. 1. Os anos de Ricard Nixon, 1969-1974. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. Os Americanos e Portugal. 1961. Kennedy e Salazar: O Leão e a Raposa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■. Salazar/Caetano. Cartas Secretas. 1932-1968. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1993.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■. Portugal na guerra do petróleo: Os Açores E As Vitórias de Israel 1973. Lisbon: Edeline, 2000. Aquino, Acácio Tómas de. O Segredo das Prisões Atlânticas. Lisbon, 1978. Araquistain, Luis. "Dictatorship in Portugal." Foreign Affairs 7 (October 1928): 41-53.

   ■ Assac, Jacques Ploncard. Salazar. Paris: La Table Ronde, 1967.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. "The Political Economy of Portugal's Old Regime: Growth and Change Preceding the 1974 Revolution." World Development 7, 8-9 (August-September 1979): 799-812.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Blume, Norman. "SEDES: An Example of Opposition in a Conservative Authoritarian State." Government and Opposition 12 (Summer 1977): 351-66.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. A origem da democracia-cristã em Portugal e o Sala-zarismo. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■. "Notas para uma caracterização política do salazarismo." In Gabinete de Investigações Sociais. Análise Social: A Formação de Portugal Contemporâneo: 1900-1980. Vol. I, 72-74 (April-December 1981): 773-94.

   ■. "O Integralismo nas origens do Salazarismo." Análise Social XVIII (1982): 1409-19.

   ■. "A Oposição Eleitoral ao Salazarismo." Revista de História das Ideias V (1983).

   ■. Monárquicos e Republicanos no Estado Novo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Sobre o fascismo e o seu avento em Portugal." Análise Social XII, 48 (1976), 873-915.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. A Missão Dos Dirigentes. Lisbon, 1966, 4th ed.

   ■. Depoimento. São Paulo, 1974.

   ■. História Breve das Constituições Portugueses. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. As Minhas Memórias de Salazar. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Campinos, Jorge. A Ditadura Militar, 1926-1933. Lisbon, 1975. Carrilho, Maria. Forças Armadas e Mudança Política em Portugal no Século XX. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. Portugal na Segunda Guerra Mundial Contributos para uma reavaliação. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Otelo Saraiva de. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Castanheira, Jose Pedro and Valdemar Cruz. A Filha Rebelde. Lisbon: Temas & Debates, 2003.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, et al. O Fascismo Em Portugal [Proceedings of Conference, Lisbon, March 1980]. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. 'The Radical Right and the Military Dictatorship in Portugal: The National May 28 League (1928-1933)." Luso-Brazilian Review 23, 1 (Summer 1986): 1-15.

   ■. "O Salazarismo No Recente Investigação Sobre o Fascismo Europeu...." Análise Social XXV (1990): 695-713.

   ■. As camisas azuis: Ideologias, elites e movimentos fascistas em Portugal, 1914-1945. Lisbon: Estampa, 1994.

   ■. Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.

   ■. The Blue Shirts: Portuguese Fascists and the New State. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

   ■ Delgado, Humberto. The Memoirs of General Delgado. London: Cassell, 1964.

   ■. Memórias De Humberto Delgado. Iva Delgado and Antônio de Figueiredo, eds. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1991.

   ■ Duarte Silva, A. E., et al. Salazar E O Salazarismo. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Egerton, F. C. C. Salazar, Rebuilder of Portugal. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1943.

   ■ Ferraz, Artur Ivens. A Asenção de Salazar: Memórias de Ivens Ferraz. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■ Ferro, Antônio. Salazar: O Homem E A Sua Obra. Lisbon, 1933. English edition: Salazar: Portugal and Her Leader. London: Faber & Faber, 1939, and editions in other languages.

   ■. Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Ausentes. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Figueiredo, Antônio. Portugal and Its Empire: The Truth. London: Gollancz, 1961.

   ■. "The Case Against Portugal." In Philip Mason, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 46-57. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■. Portugal. Fifty Years of Dictatorship. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1975.

   ■ Fox, Ralph. Portugal Now. London, 1937.

   ■ Freitas do Amaral, Diogo. O Antigo Regime E A Revolução. Memórias Políticas ( 1941-1975). Lisbon: Bertrand, 1995.

   ■ Fryer, Peter, and Patricia McGowan Pinheiro. Oldest Ally: A Portrait of Sala-zar's Portugal. London: Dobson, 1961.

   ■ Gallagher, Tom. "Controlled Repression in Salazar's Portugal." Journal of Contemporary History 14, 3 (July 1979): 385-403.

   ■. "The Mystery Train: Portugal's Military Dictatorship 1926-32." European Studies Review 11 (1981): 325-54.

   ■. "From Hegemony to Opposition: The Ultraright Before and After 1974." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 81-103. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1983.

   ■ Galvão, Henrique. Santa Maria: My Crusade for Portugal. London: Weiden-feld and Nicholson, 1961.

   ■. Carta Aberta ao Dr. Salazar. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Gamier, Christine. Vacances avec Salazar. Paris, 1952; American edition: Salazar in Portugal: An Intimate Portrait. New York, 1954. Georgel, Jacques. O Salazarismo. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Gouveia, Fernando. Memórias de um Inspector da PIDE. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Portugal: The Bureaucracy of Empire." LADAC Occasional Papers series 2, 9 (1973). Austin, Tex.: Institute of Latin American Studies.

   ■. Portugal: The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■. "The Military in Politics: The Politicization of the Portuguese Armed Forces." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 221-56. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Guyomard, George. La Dictature Militaire au Portugal. Paris, 1927.

   ■ Janeiro, Helena Pinto. Salazar E Pétain. Relações Luso-Francesas Durante A II Guerra Mundial ( 1940-44). Lisbon: Cosmos, 1998.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. "A Catholic View." In Philip Mason, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 80-103. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Leeds, Elizabeth. "Labor Export, Development and the State: The Political Economy of Portuguese Emigration." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1984.

   ■ Lewis, Paul H. "Salazar's Ministerial Elite, 1932-1968."Journal of Politics 40 (August 1987): 622-47.

   ■ Lins, Alvaro. Missão em Portugal. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Linz, Juan. "Foreword." In L. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, xii-xi. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. A evolução do sistema corporativo português, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "The Evolution of Portuguese Corporatism under Salazar and Caetano." In L. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 47-88. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ McCarthy, Mary. "Letter from Lisbon." The New Yorker XXX, 51 (February 5, 1955): 80-96.

   ■ Magalhães Godinho, Vitorino. O Socialismo e o Futuro da Peninsula. Lisbon, 1969.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. A " Elite" Industrial Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1969.

   ■. "The Portuguese Industrial Elite and Its Corporative Relations." Economic Development and Cultural Change 24, 3 (April 1976): 495-526.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Opposition in Portugal." Government and Opposition 4 (Spring 1969): 250-63.

   ■. "Portugal." In S. J. Woolf, ed., European Fascism, 302-36. New York: Vintage, 1969.

   ■. "Introduction: Tristes durées." In R. Feijô, H. Martins and J. de Pina-Cabral, eds., Death in Portugal: Studies in Portuguese Anthropology and Modern History. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João. Salazar em França. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Salazar E Os Fascistas: Salazarismo e Nacional-Sindicalismo: A história dum conflito 1932/1935. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. Ditadura: O " Estado Novo," 2 vols., in his História Contemporânea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros, ed. Dez Anos de Política Externa ( 1936-1947): A Nação Portuguesa e a Segunda Guerra Mundial, 12 vols., and in progress. Lisbon, 1964.

   ■ Mônica, Maria Filomena. Educação e Sociedade no Portugal de Salazar. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Nogueira, Alberto Franco. Salazar, 6 vols. Coimbra and Oporto, 1978-85.

   ■. História de Portugal, 1933-1974: II Supplemento. Oporto, 1981.

   ■. Um político confessa-se ( Diário: 1960-1968), 3rd ed. Oporto, 1987.

   ■ Oliveira, César. Portugal e a II República de Espanha, 1931-l 936. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■. Salazar E A Guerra Civil De Espanha, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. A Maçonaria Portuguesa e o Estado Novo. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. History of Portugal; 1 in 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976 ed.

   ■. A Liga de Paris E A Ditadura Militar, 1927-1928. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. História de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: 1980 and later eds.

   ■, ed. A Literatura Clandestina Em Portugal, 1926-1932, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Patriarca, Fátima. A Questaão Social no Salazarismo. Vol. 1. Lisbon: INCM, 1995.

   ■. Sindicatos contra Salazar: A revolta do 18 de janeiro de 1934. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2000. Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Payne, Stanley G. A History of Spain and Portugal. Volume 2. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973.

   ■. "Salazarism: 'Fascism' or 'Bureaucratic Authoritarianism'?" In Estudos de história portuguesa: Homenagem à A. H. de Oliveira Marques. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Pereira, José Pacheco. Conflitos sociais nos campos do sul de Portugal. Mem Martins, 1978.

   ■. A Preparação Ideológica da Intervenção Militar de 28 de Maio de 1926. Oporto, 1978.

   ■. "Problemas da história do P. C. P." In A. Costa Pinto et al., eds., O Fascismo Em Portugal [Proceedings of Conference, University of Lisbon, March 1980], 269-85. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Pimentel, Irene Flunser. Judeus em Portugal durante a II Guerra Mundial. Em fuga de Hitler e do Holocausto. Lisbon: Esfera dos Livros, 2006.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Dinossauro Excelentíssimo. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Presidência do Conselho de Ministros. Comissão do Livro Negro Sobre o Regime Fascista ["Black Book" series]. Eleições No Regime Fascista. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■. A Política De Informação No Regime Fascista, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■. Livros Proibidos No Regime Fascista. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■. Presos Políticos No Regime Fascista, 5 vols. Lisbon, 1981-87.

   ■. Relatórios Para Oliveira Salazar, 1931-1939. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■. Discriminação Política No Emprego No Regime Fascista. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. Proibição Da " Time" No Regime Fascista [ Time magazine July 23, 1946, with Dr. Salazar on cover]. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. Os Estudantes No Regime Fascista. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Trabalho, Sindicatos E Greves No Regime Fascista. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Correspondência Entre Mário De Figueiredo E Oliveira Salazar. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. Repressão Política E Social No Regime Fascista. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. Correspondência de Pedro Teotónio Pereira para Oliveira Salazar vol. 1 ( 1931-1939), 2 vols. Lisbon, 1987-89.

   ■ Queiroga, Captain Fernando. Portugal Oprimido. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Raby, David L. "Populism and the Portuguese Left: From Delgado to Otelo." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 61-80. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and the Military Dissidents in the Opposition to Salazar, 1941-1974. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1988.

   ■ Raby, Dawn Linda. "The Portuguese Presidential Election of 1949: A Successful Government Maneuver?" Luso-Brazilian Review 27, 1 (Summer 1990): 63-77.

   ■ Rêgo, Raúl. Diário Político. Lisbon, 1969; 1974, 2nd ed.

   ■. Horizontes Fechados. Oporto, 1970.

   ■. Horizontes Fechados/ Páginas de Política, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Ribeiro, Aquilino. Volfrâmio. Lisbon, 1944.

   ■. Quando os Lobos Uivam. Lisbon, 1958; English ed. Patricia McGowan

   ■ Pinheiro, trans. London: Cape, 1963.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London and Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rocha, José Antônio De Oliveira. The Portuguese Administrative State. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of South Carolina, 1986.

   ■ Rosa, Frederico Delgado. Humberto Delgado. Biografia Do General Sem Medo. Lisbon: Esfera dos Livros, 2008. Rosas, Fernando. O Estado Novo Nos Anos Trinta: 1928-1938. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. O Salazarismo E A Aliança Luso-Britânica. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Entre A Paz E A Guerra... 1939-1945. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■. O Estado Novo ( 1926-1974). Vol. VII of José Mattoso, ed. Historia De

   ■ Portugal. Lisbon: Edit. Estampa, 1994.

   ■. and Pedro Aires Oliveira (eds.). A Transicao Falhada. O Marcelismo e o Fim do Estado Novo ( 1968-1974). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. Salazar. Paris: Mercure de France, 1969.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Uma Tentativa de Participação política. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■. A Liberalização bloqueada. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■. Vale a Pena ser Deputado? Fundão, 1973.

   ■ Salazar, Antônio de Oliveira. Discursos E Notas Políticas. [Speeches, Broadcasts, Notes and Statements, 1928-1966, 6 vols. Coimbra, 1935-1966]. Several editions.

   ■. Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, I928-1939. Robert Edgar Broughton, trans. London: Faber & Faber, 1939.

   ■. "Realities and Trends of Portugal's Policies." International Affairs XXXIX, 2 (April 1963): 169-83.

   ■. The Road for the Future [Speeches, statements of policy made during 1928-62]. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. Entrevistas: 1960-1966 [interviews]. Coimbra, 1967.

   ■. Salazar: Pensamento e doutrina política. Textos anthológicos. [Anthology of speeches, writings, interviews granted, 1914-68]. Mendo C. Henriques and Gonçalo de Sampaio e Melo, eds. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Santana, Emilio. Historia de um Atentado. O atentado contra Salazar. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. Corporatism and Public Policy in Authoritarian Portugal. London: Sage, 1975.

   ■. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (Nov. 1975): 5-33.

   ■. "The Impact and Meaning of Elections in Authoritarian Portugal, 1933-74." In G. Hermet et al., eds., Elections Without Choice. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■. "'The 'Regime d'exception' That Became the Rule: Forty-Eight Years of Authoritarian Domination in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Mak-ler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 3-46. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Gerhard Lehmbruch, eds. Trends towards Corporatist Intermediation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1979.

   ■ Shelton, Richard L. "Development of the Communist Party of Portugal, 1921-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, St. Louis University, 1984.

   ■ Silva, José. Memórias de um operário. Vol. 2. Oporto, 1971. Soares, Mário. Escritos Políticos. Lisbon, 1969.

   ■. Portugal Bailloné. Paris, 1972; Portuguese edition: Portugal Amordaçado, Lisbon, 1974; English edition: Portugal's Struggle for Liberty. Translated by Mary Gawsworth. London: Allen & Unwin, 1975.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974; English edition: Johannesburg: Perskor, 1974.

   ■ Teixeira, Luis [Sampaio]. Perfil de Salazar. Lisbon, 1938.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. "From Neutrality to Alignment: Portugal in the Foundation of the Atlantic Pact." EUI: Working Papers in History. Florence, Italy: European University Institute, 1991.

   ■ Telo, Antônio José. Portugal na Segunda Guerra. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■. A Neutralidade Portuguesa e o Ouro Nazi. Lisbon: Quetzal, 2000.

   ■ Teotônio Pereira, Pedro. Memórias, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1972-73.

   ■ Vasco, Nuno. Vigiados e perseguidos. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Veríssimo, Serrão. Marcelo Caetano: Confidencias No Exílio. Lisbon, 1985. Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: The Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. West, S. George. The New Corporative State of Portugal [Inaugural lecture, King's College, London, Feb. 1937]. London: New Temple Press, 1937. Wheeler, Douglas L. "Thaw in Portugal." Foreign Affairs 48, 4 (July 1970): 769-81.

   ■. "Days of Wine and Carnations: The Portuguese Revolution of [April 25] 1974." Bulletin. New Hampshire Council on World Affairs XX (July 1974): 1-10.

   ■. "Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970)." In Jacques Frémontier, ed., Les Hommes d'Siecle XX: Les Dictateurs. Paris: Mazenod, 1978.

   ■. "The Military and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1926- 1974." In S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 191-219. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■. "In the Service of Order: The Portuguese Dictatorship's Political Police (PVDE; PIDE) and the British, German and Spanish Intelligence [Services]." Journal of Contemporary History 24, 2 (January 1983): 1-25.

   ■. Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910-1926. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. Portuguese edition: História Política de Portugal, 1910-l926. Mem Martins, 1985.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review [two part article] 12, 1-2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27.

   ■. A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa, 1926-1933. Mem Martins, 1988.

   ■. "The Third Pig: From Theory to Grubby Fact in Reassessing the Estado Novo." In B. F. Taggie and R. W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 145-68. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State Press, 1989.

   ■. "And Who Is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 26, 1 (Summer 1989): 119-39.

   ■. "Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970)." In Research Guide to European Historical Biography. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: Beacham, 1992.

   ■. "'Estado Presente de tranquilidade,' posto em causa: Portugal observado e analisado no contexto internacional de 1958-59." In Iva Delgado, Carlos Pacheco, and Telmo Faria, eds., Humberto Delgado: As eleições de 58, 448-71. Lisbon: Vega, 1998.

   ■, and René Pélissier. Angola. New York: Praeger and London: Pall Mall, 1971; reprinted: Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1977.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model." World Politics 25 (January 1973): 206-35.

   ■. Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese Experience. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977.

   ■. "The Corporatist Tradition and the Corporative System in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal. The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 89-122. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ World War II and Portugal

   ■ Afonso, Rui. Um Homem Bom. Aristides De Sousa Mendes O " Wallenberg Portugues." Lisbon: Caminho, 1995.

   ■. Injustica-o Caso Sousa Mendes. Lisbon: Caminho, 1990.

   ■ Agudo, Manuel Ros. La Guerra Secreta de Franco ( 1939-1945). Barcelona, 2002.

   ■ Anon., Fugindo a Hitler e a Salazar e ao Holocausto-Refugiados em Portugal entre 1933-1945. Lisbon: Soc. Tipografica, 1994.

   ■ Barreiros, Jose Antonio. A Lusitania Dos Espioes. Lisbon: Hugin, 1995.

   ■. O Espiao Alemao Em Goa. Operacao Long Shanks, 1943. Lisbon, 2001.

   ■ Beevor, J. G. SOE. Recollections and Reflections 1940-45. London, 1981. Bloch, Michael. Operation Willi: The Plot to Kidnap the Duke of Windsor July 1940. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1984. Carrilho, Maria et. al., Portugal Na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Contributos para uma reavaliacao. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1989. Cole, Robert. Britain and the War of Words in Neutral Europe, 1939-45. New York: St. Martin's, 1990. Colvin, Ian. Flight 777. London: Evans, 1957. Dias, Mariana Tavares. Lisboa nos Anos 40. Lisbon: Quimera, 1997. Eizenstadt, Stuart E. Coord. U.S. and Allied Efforts to Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany during World War II. New York, 2001.

   ■ Fralon, Jose-Alain. A Good Man in Evil Times. The Story of Aristides De Sousa Mendes: The Man Who Saved the Lives of Countless Refugees in World War II. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001.

   ■ Giraudoux, Jean. Portugal. Paris: Grasset, 1958.

   ■ Johns, Philip. Within Two Cloaks. Missions With SIS and SOE. London, 1979.

   ■ Koestler, Arthur. Arrival and Departure. London, 1943.

   ■ Leitz, Christian. Sympathy for the Devil: Neutral Portugal and Nazi Germany in World War II. New York, 2001.

   ■ Louca, Antonio. Hitler e Salazar. Comercio em tempos de Guerra 1940-1944. Lisbon, 2000.

   ■ Luca, Antonio. "Portugal's Double Game: Between the Nazis and the Allies." In Avi Beker, ed., The Plunder of Jewish Property during the Holocaust. Confronting European History. New York, 2001. MacIntyre, Ben. Agent Zigzag. New York: Harmony, 2007. Martins, Maria Joao. O Paraiso Triste. O Quotidiano em Lisboa durante a II Grande Guerra. Lisbon: Vega, 1994. Masterman, J.C. The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972. Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time. Chronicle 2: The Infernal Grove. New York: William Morrow, 1974.

   ■ Nery, Julia. O Consul. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1991.

   ■ Pimentel, Irene Flunser. Judeus em Portugal na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 2006.

   ■ Popov, Dusko. Spy/ Counterspy. London, 1974.

   ■ Prokosch, Frederick. The Conspirators. New York, 1943.

   ■ Remarque, Erich Maria. The Night in Lisbon. New York, 1966.

   ■ Ribeiro, Aquilino. Volfarmio Romance. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1943.

   ■ Rosas, Fernando. Portugal entre a Paz e a Guerra. Lisbon: Estampa, 1990.

   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano, ed. Portugal E A Guerra. Historia das Intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais seculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 1998.

   ■ Telo, Antonio Jose. Propagandal E Guerra Secreta Em Portugal 1939-45. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■. Portugal na Segunda Guerra ( 1941-1945), 2 vols. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■. Os Acores E O Controlo Do Atlantico ( 1898/ 1948). Lisbon: Ed. Asa, 1993.

   ■. A neutralidade portuguesa e o ouro nazi. Lisbon, 2000.

   ■ Vintras, R.E. The Portuguese Connection: The Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman and Turner, 1974. Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Age Old Business of Espionage." 1987 World Book Year Book. Chicago, 1987.

   ■. "'In the Service of Order.' The Portuguese Political Police and the British, Germany and Spanish Intelligence [Services]." Journal of Contemporary History 36: no. 3 (Jan. 1983), 1-25.

   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

   ■ Wylie, Neville. "An Amateur Learns His Job? Special Operations Executive in Portugal, 1940-42." Journal of Contemporary History. 36: no. 3 (2001), 441-57.

   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, Jose. O Comportamento Politico dos Militares, Forcas Armadas e Regimes Politicos em Portugal no seculo XX. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992.

   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

   ■. Pais Sem Rumo. Contributo para a historia de uma Revolucao. Lisbon: Scire, 1978.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

   ■. Coord., Nova Historia Militar de Portugal, 5 vols. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2003-.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978, 1998.

   ■. A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa ( 1926-1933). Mem Martins: Europa- America, 1988.

   ■. "The Military and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1926-1974: "The Honor of the Army." In Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. 191-219. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. "Hidden Fluidity in an Ultra-Stable Party System." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 101-27. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

   ■, ed. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." In Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer, 2000): 1-404.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., ed. Political Parties and Democracy in Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997. Carlucci, Frank. "Confiei no Povo Portugues." Visao (Lisbon), April 10, 1997, 46-47.

   ■. "The View from the U.S. Embassy." In Hans Binnendijk, ed., Authoritarian Regimes in Transition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Service Institute, Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, 1987.

   ■ Coelho, Mário Baptista, ed. Portugal. O Sistema Política a Constitucional, 1974-87. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, UNL, 1989.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antonio. "Settling Accounts with the Past in a Troubled Transition to Democracy: The Portuguese Case." In Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez-Enriquez, and Paloma Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, 65-91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

   ■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.

   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.

   ■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

   ■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disaster in a Century of Decline. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.

   ■ ———. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ———. Portugal in Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

   ■. "The Portuguese Territories." In Colin Legum, ed., Africa: A Handbook to the Continent. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1967. ———. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Felgas, Hélio. História do Congo Português. Carmona, Angola, 1958. ———. Guerra em Angola. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■ Galvão, Henrique, and Carlos Selvagam. O Império Ultramarino Português, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■ Gleijeses, Piero. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 19591976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. "Portugal and Her Empire." In The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1963): 509-TO.

   ■ Grenfell, F. James. História da Igreja Baptista em Angola, 1879-1975. Queluz, Portugal: Núcleo, 1998.

   ■ Hammond, Richard J. "Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype." Journal of Economic History XXI, 4 (1961): 582-98.

   ■ ———. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

   ■ Hanson, Carl. Portugal and the Wider World 1147-1497. New Orleans, La.: University Press of the South, 2001.

   ■ Harris, Marvin. Portugal's African Wards. New York: American Committee on Africa, 1957.

   ■ ———. "Portugal's Contribution to the Underdevelopment of Africa and Brazil." In Ronald H. Chilcote, ed., Protest & Resistance in Angola & Brazil: Comparative Studies, 209-23. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

   ■ Henderson, Lawrence W. Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979. ———. A Igreja Em Angola. Lisbon: Edit. Além-Mar, 1990. Heywood, Linda. Contested Power in Angola 1840s to the Present. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2000.

   ■ Hilton, Anne. The Kingdom of Kongo. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

   ■ Hower, Alfred, and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds. Empire in Transition: The Portuguese World in the Time of Camões. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Isaacman, Allen. "The Prazos da Coroa 1752-1830: A Functional Analysis of the Political System." STUDIA (Lisbon) 26 (1969): 149-78.

   ■. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution: The Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: Anti-Colonial Activity in the Zambesi Valley 1850-1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

   ■ James, Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.

   ■ Jardim, Jorge. Sanctions Double-Cross: Oil to Rhodesia. Lisbon, 1978. Johnson, Harold, and Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. O Império Luso-Brasileiro 1500-1620. Volume VI. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992. Joliffe, Jill. East Timor: Nationalism & Colonialism. University of Queensland Press, 1978.

   ■ Kea, Ray A. Settlements, Trade and Politics in the Seventeenth Century Gold Coast. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

   ■ Kohen, Arnold. From the Place of the Dead. The Epic Struggles of Bishop Belo of East Timor. New York: St Martins, 1999.

   ■ Livingstone, Charles, and David Livingstone. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and Its Tributaries. New York: 1866.

   ■ Livingstone, David. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. London, 1857.

   ■ Lobban, Richard, and Joshua Forrest. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996. Lobban, Richard, and Marilyn Halter. Historical Dictionary of Cape Verde, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1993. Martino, Antonio M. Joao de Azevedo Coutinho. Marinheiro e soldado de Portugal. Lisbon: Colibri, 2002. Martins, Rocha. História das Colónias Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1933. Marvaud, Angel. Le Portugal et Ses Colonies. Paris, 1912. Mason, Philip, ed. Angola: A Symposium; Views of a Revolt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961. Melo, João de, ed. Os Anos Da Guerra 1961-1975: Os Portugueses em Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1988. Miller, Joseph C. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

   ■ Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Portugal. Vinte Anos de Defesa do Estado Português de India. Lisbon, 1967.

   ■. Portugal Replies in the United Nations. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Mondlane, Eduardo. The Struggle for Mozambique. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1969.

   ■ Moreira, Adriano. Política Ultramarina. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■. Portugal's Stand in Africa. New York: University Publishers, 1962.

   ■, and Jose Carlos Venancio. Eds. Luso-Tropicalismo. Uma Teoria Social em Questao. Lisbon: Vega, 2000.

   ■ Múrias, Manuel, ed. História da expansão portuguesa no mundo, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1937-42.

   ■. Short History of Portuguese Colonization. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Newitt, Malyn. Portuguese Settlement on the Zambesi: Exploration, Land Tenure and Colonial Rule in East Africa. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1973.

   ■. Portugal in Africa: The Last Hundred Years. London: Longmans, 1981.

   ■. A History of Mozambique. London: Hurst, 1995.

   ■. A History ofPortuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668. London: Routledge, 2005.

   ■. Diálogos Interditos: A Política Externa Portuguesa E A Guerra De Africa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■. História De Portugal. 1933-1974: II Suplemento. Oporto, 1981.

   ■. Um político confessa-se ( Diário: 1960-1968), 3rd ed. Oporto, 1987.

   ■. Salazar. Vol. V: A Resistência ( 1958-1964). Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Nowell, Charles E. "Portugal and the Partition of Africa." Journal of Modern History XIX, 1 (1947): 1-17.

   ■ Nunes, Antonio Lopes Pires. Angola 1961. Da Baixa do Cassange a Nambu-angongo. Lisbon: Prefacio, 2005.

   ■ Okuma, Thomas. Angola in Ferment: The Background and Prospects of Angolan Nationalism. Boston: Beacon, 1962.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wise.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Pélissier, René. Les Guerres Grises: Resistance Et Revoltes en Angola ( 18451941). Orgeval: Pélissier, 1977.

   ■. Naissance Du Mozambique: Tome 1, Tome 2, Resistance Et Revoltes Anticoloniales ( 1854-1981), 2 vols. Orgeval: Pélissier, 1984.

   ■. História de Moçambique. Vol. II. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. Naissance de la Guinée: Portugais et Africains en Senegambie ( 1841-1936). Orgeval: Pélissier, 1989.

   ■. Timor En Guerre: Le Crocodile et les Portugais ( 1847-1913). Orgeval: Pélissier, 1996.

   ■ Pires, Adelino Serras, and Fiona Claire Capstick. The Winds of Havoc: A Memoir of Adventure and Destruction in Deepest Africa. New York: St. Martin's, 2001.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London: Black, 1933.

   ■ Ranger, T. [Terence] O. "Revolt in Portuguese East Africa: The Makombe Rising of 1917." St. Anthony's Papers. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 15 (1963).

   ■ Remy. Goa, Rome of the Orient. Trans. from the French by Lancelot Sheppard. London, 1957.

   ■ Ribeiro, General Goncalves. A Vertigem da Descolonizacao. Da Agonia do Exodo a Cidadania Plena. Lisbon: Inquerito, 2002. Ricard, Robert. Etudes sur l'Histoire des Portugais au Maroc. Coimbra, 1955.

   ■ Richards, J. M. Goa. London: Hurst, 1982.

   ■ Rodney, Walter. A History of the Upper Guinea Coast, 1545-1800. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. Rodrigues, José Honório. Africa e Brasil: Outro Horizonte. Rio de Janeiro, 1961.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. "Valentim Fernandes, Rodrigo de Santaella, and the Recognition of the Antilles as "Opposite India." Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa series 75 (July-September 1957): 279-309.

   ■. The Obedience of a King of Portugal. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1958.

   ■. The Quest for Eastern Christians: Travels and Rumors in the Age of Discovery. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962.

   ■ Russell-Wood, A. J. Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Mi-sericordia of Bahia, 1550-1755. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.

   ■. "Colonial Brazil." In David W. Cohen and Jack Greene, eds., Neither Slave nor Free, 84-133. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.

   ■. "Local Government in Portuguese America: A Study in Cultural Divergence." Comparative Studies in Society and History 16 (1974): 187-231.

   ■. From Colony to Nation: Essays on the Independence of Brazil. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.

   ■. World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia & America, 1415-1808. New York: St. Martins, 1993.

   ■ Salazar, António de Oliveira. Goa and the Indian Union. Lisbon, 1954.

   ■. "Portugal, Goa and the Indian Union." Foreign Affairs (New York) 34, 3 (April, 1956): 418-31.

   ■. "Realities and Trends of Portugal's Policies." International Affairs (London) XXXIX, 2 (April 1963): 169-83.

   ■ Saldanha, C. F. A Short History of Goa. Goa, 1957.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. Indies Adventure: The Amazing Career of Afonso de Albuquerque. London: Blackie, 1936.

   ■. Portugal in Quest of Prester John. London: Hutchinson, 1943.

   ■. The Land of Prester John. New York: Knopf, 1944.

   ■. Henry the Navigator. New York: Norton, 1947.

   ■. The Perfect Prince: Dom João II. Oporto, 1959.

   ■. Good Hope, the Voyage of Vasco da Gama. Lisbon, 1967.

   ■. The Reign of the Fortunate King ( Manuel I), 1495-1521. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1969.

   ■. Knight of the Renaissance: A Biography of Dom João de Castro. London: Hutchinson, n.d.

   ■ Schubert, Benedict. A Guerra e as Igrejas: Angola, 1961-1991. Basel, Switzerland: Schlettwein, 2000 [orig. ed. in German, Lucerne, Exodus Pub., 1997].

   ■ Schwartz, Stuart G. Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

   ■ Serra, Carlos, ed. História de Moçambique, 2 vols. Maputo, Mozambique: Tempo, 1982-83.

   ■ Silva, Botelho da, ed. and comp. " Dossier" Goa. ( General Manuel) Vassalo e Silva. A Recusa do Sacrifício Inútil. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Silva, Maria Beatriz Nizza da, ed. O Império Luso-Brasileiro 1750-1822. Volume VIII. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1986.

   ■ Silva Cunha J. M. da. Questões Ultramarinos e Internacionais. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Silva Rego, A. da. História das missões do padroado português do Oriente: India ( 1500-1542). 1 vol. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■. Portuguese Colonization in the Sixteenth Century: A Study of Royal Ordinances. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1957.

   ■. O Ultramar Português No Século XIX ( 1834-1910). Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Sousa Dias, Gastão. Os Portugueses em Angola. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Sykes, John. Portugal and Africa: The People and the War. London: Hutchinson, 1971.

   ■ Telo, António José. Lourenço Marques na Política Externa Portuguesa. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1991.

   ■. Economia E Império No Portugal Contemporânea. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■. Os Açores e o Controlo do Atlântico. Lisbon: Asa, 1993.

   ■ Vail, Leroy, and Landeg White. Capitalism and Colonialism in Mozambique: A Study of Quelimane District. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1980.

   ■ Veen, Ernst van. Defeat or Decay? An Inquiry into the Portuguese Decline in Asia 1580-1645. Leiden: University of Leiden, 2000.

   ■ Verlinden, Charles. "Italian Influence on Iberian Colonization." Hispanic American Historical Review 33 (1953): 99-211.

   ■. The Beginnings of Modern Colonization. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1970.

   ■ Vogel, Charles. Le Portugal et Ses Colonies. Paris, 1860.

   ■ Vogt, John. Portuguese Rule on the Gold Coast 1469-1682. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola. 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University, Department of History, 1963.

   ■. "Anti-Imperialism Traditions in Portugal, Yesterday and Today." Boston University Graduate Journal XII, 2 (Spring 1964): 125-37.

   ■. 'The Portuguese and Mozambique: The Past against the Future." In John A. Davis and James K. Baker, eds., Southern Africa in Transition. 180-96. New York: Praeger, 1966.

   ■. "Gungunhana." In Norman R. Bennett, ed., Leadership in Eastern Africa, Six Political Biographies, 165-220. Boston: Boston University Press, 1968.

   ■. "Gungunyane the Negotiator." Journal of African History IX, 4 (1968): 585-602.

   ■. "Nineteenth-Century African Protest in Angola: Prince Nicolas of Kongo (1830?-1860)." African Historical Studies (Boston) I (1968): 40-59.

   ■. "The Portuguese Army in Angola." Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge U.K.), 7, 3 (Oct. 1969): 425-39.

   ■. "Thaw in Portugal." Foreign Affairs 48, 4 (July 1970): 769-81.

   ■. "Portugal in Angola: A Living Colonialism?" In C. Potholm and R. Dale, eds., Southern Africa in Perspective, 172-82. New York: Free Press, 1972.

   ■. "The First Portuguese Colonial Movement, 1835-1875." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) I, 1 (Spring 1975): 25-27.

   ■. "Rebels and Rebellions in Angola, 1672-1892." In Mark Karp, ed., African Dimensions: Essays in Honor of William O. Brown, 81-93. Boston: Boston University Press, 1975.

   ■. "African Elements in Portugal's Armies in Africa (1961-1974)." Armed Forces and Society (Chicago) 2, 2 (Feb. 1976): 233-50.

   ■. "Portuguese Colonial Governors in Africa, 1870-1974." In L. H. Gann and Peter Duignan, eds., African Proconsuls: European Governors in Africa, 415-26. New York: Free Press, 1978; and "J. Mousinho de Albuquerque (1855-1902)" and "J. Norton de Matos (1867-1955)": 427-44; 445-63.

   ■. "The Portuguese Withdrawal from Africa, 1974-1975; The Angolan Case." In John Seiler, ed., Southern Africa Since the Portuguese Coup, 3-21. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1980.

   ■. "The Portuguese Exploration Expeditions and Expansion in Angola, 1877-1883." In Academia de Marinha and Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, eds., Vice Almirante A. Teixeira Da Mota: In Memoriam. Volume I, 267-76. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■. "'Aqui é Portugal!': The Politics of the Colonial Idea during the Estado Novo, 1926-1974." In Pavilhão de Portugal, EXPO'98 and Instituto de História Contemporânea, eds., Portugal No Transição Do Milênio: Colóquio Internacional, 375-105. Lisbon: Fim de Século, 1998.

   ■. The Empire Time Forgot: Writing a History of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, 1808-1975. Oporto: Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 1998.

   ■. "Filho Do Porto, Filho Do Império: Antônio Francisco Da Silva Porto (1817-1890) and the Politics of Motivation in Portugal's First and Second Scrambles for Africa (1836-1861; 1875-1891)." Revista da UFP [Universidade Fernando Pessoa] 4 (Dec. 1999): 225-54.

   ■. "'Mais leis do que mosquitos': A Primeira República Portuguesa e o Império Ultramarino (1910-1926)." In Nuno Severiano Teixeira and Antó-nio Costa Pinto, eds., A Primeira República Portuguesa Entre O Liberalismo E O Autoritarismo, 133-68. Lisbon: University Nova de Lisboa, 2000.

   ■. "Spiritual Peoples at Odds: Portugal, India and the Goa Question, 1947-61." In Anthony Disney and Emily Booth, eds., Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia, 452-70. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■. "Portugal, Africa and the future." In Stewart Lloyd-Jones and Antonio Costa Pinto, eds., The Last Empire: Thirty Years of Portuguese Decolonization, 113-25. Bristol, U.K.: Intellect, 2003.

   ■. "The Forced Labor 'System' in Angola, 1903-1947: Reassessing Origins and Persistence in the Context of Colonial Consolidation, Economic Growth and Reform Failures." In CEAUP, Centro de Estudos Africanos da Universidade do Porto, ed., Trabalho forcado africano-experiencias coloniais comparadas, 367-393. Oporto: CEAUP, 2006.

   ■. "As Raizes Do Nacionalismo Angolano: Publicacoes De Protesto Dos Assimilados, 1870-1940." In Nuno Vidal and Justino Pinto De Andrade, eds., O Processo De Transicao Para O Multipartidarismo Em Angola, 73-92. Lisbon: Ed. Firmamento, 2006.

   ■, and René Pélissier. Angola. London: Pall Mall and New York: Praeger, 1971; reprinted, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1977; Portuguese lang. edition, Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2009. Whiteway, R. W. The Rise of the Portuguese Power in India, 1497-1550. London: Constable, 1899.

   ■ Winius, George D. The Fatal History of Portuguese Ceylon: Transition to Dutch Rule. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.

   ■. "The Portuguese Asian 'Decadência' Revisited." In Alfred Hower and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds., Empire in Transition, 106-17. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1980.

   ■. The Black Legend of Portuguese India. New Delhi: New Concept, 1985.

   ■ Portuguese Migration and Communities Abroad

   ■ Alves, Marcial. Os Portugueses no Mundo. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Anderson, Grace M., and David Higgs, eds. A Future to Inherit: Portuguese Communities in Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Arroteia, Jorge Carvalho. A emigração Portuguesa-suas origens e distribuição. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. "Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Portuguese Emigration: A Bibliography." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 3 (Fall-Winter, 1977-78).

   ■. "Emigrar Para Voltar: A Portuguese Ideology of Return Migration." Papers in Anthropology 20 (1979): 1-20.

   ■. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1982.

   ■. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Eduardo de. Os portugueses na Nova Inglaterra. Rio de Janeiro, 1931.

   ■ Caspari, Andrea. "The Return Orientation among Portuguese Migrants in France." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 193-203. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone, ed. Portugueses na América do Norte. Baden: Peregrinação, 1983.

   ■ Fagundes, Francisco Cota. Hard Knocks: An Azorean-American Odyssey.

   ■ [Memoir]. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000. Felix, John Henry, and Peter F. Senecal. The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Authors' edition, 1978. Fernandes, Ferreira. Os Primos da América. Lisbon: Relógio D'Agua, 1991. Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. As orígens e formas de emigração. Lisbon, 1976. Freitas, J. F. Portuguese-American Memories. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1930.

   ■ Giles, Wenona. "Motherhood and Wage Labour in London, England: Portuguese Migrant Women and the Politics of Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. University of Toronto, 1987.

   ■ Higgs, David, ed. Portuguese Migration in Global Perspective. Ontario: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario, 1990.

   ■ Klimt, Andrea. "Portuguese Migrants in Germany: Class, Ethnicity and Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Stanford University, 1987.

   ■ Lavigne, Gules. Les ethniques et la ville: L'aventure des immigrants portugais à Montreal. Montreal: Preamble, 1987.

   ■ Leder, Hans Howard. Cultural Persistence in a Portuguese-American Community. New York: Arno Press, 1980.

   ■ Lewis, J. R., and A. M. Williams. "Emigrants and Retornados: A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Return Migration in the Região Centro." In E. D. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 227-50. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ McCabe, Marsha L., and Joseph D. Thomas, eds. Portuguese Spinner: An American Story; Stories of History, Culture and Life from Portuguese Americans in Southeastern New England. New Bedford, Mass.: Spinner, 1998.

   ■ Marques, D., and J. Medeiros. Portuguese Immigrants: 25 Years in Canada. Toronto: West End YMCA, 1989.

   ■ Martins, J. Oliveira. Fomento Rural e emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Mira, Manuel. The Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and Other Groups; The Portuguese Making of America. Franklin, N.C.: Portuguese-American Historical Research Foundation, 1998.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal." Economia e Sociedade (Lisbon) 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ Nunes, Maria Luisa. A Portuguese Colonial in America: Belmira Nunes Lopes; The Autobiography of a Cape Verdean-American. Pittsburgh, Penn.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1982.

   ■ Oliver, Lawrence. Never Backward: The Autobiography of Lawrence Oliver; A Portuguese-American. San Diego, 1972.

   ■ Pap, Leo. The Portuguese-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1981.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. A Política Portuguesa de Emigraçao, 1850 a 1930. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Pereira da Rosa, Victor M., and Salvato V. Trigo. "Elementos para uma Caracterização da Família Imigrante Portuguesa na Africa do Sul." Economia e Sociologia 41 (1986): 61-71.

   ■. Azorean Emigration: A Preliminary Overview. Oporto: Fernando Pessoa University, 1994.

   ■. Portugueses e Moçambicanos no Apartheid: Da Ficção à Realidade. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Purves, James. "Portuguese in Bermuda." Bermuda Historical Quarterly 3 (1946): 133-42.

   ■ Ribeiro, F. G. Cassola. Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da. "La Sociologie des Migrations au Portugal." Current Sociology 32, 2 (Summer 1984): 175-98.

   ■. "Towards Reintegration of Emigrants." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and Guy Clausse, eds., Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal, 183-94. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985.

   ■. "Emigração." In Dicionario Illustrado Da História De Portugal ( 1985): 205-7.

   ■. A Emigração. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Espaços de herança cultural portuguesa-gentes, factos, políticas." Analise Social (Lisbon) XXIV (1988): 313-51.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da, and Jorge Arroteia. Bibliografia da Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Americans of Portuguese Descent: A Lesson in Differentiation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1974.

   ■. Testemunhos sobre a Emigração Portuguesa: Antologia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Silva, F. Emídio da. A Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Silva, Manuela, et al. Retorno, Emigração e Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Simões, Mário Pinto. O Emigrante Português: Processos de Adaptação ( o exemplo da Suiça). Oporto, 1985.

   ■ Simões, Nuno. O Brasil e a Emigração Portuguesa. Coimbra, 1934.

   ■ Sousa Ferreira, Eduardo de, and Guy Clausse, eds. Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal. Saarbrucken: Verlag Breitenbach, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
4 hold

I
1. həuld past tense, past participle - held; verb
1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) tener en las manos, agarrar, asir

2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) tener; aguantar

3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) aguantar, soportar

4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) aguantar

5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) detener, retener

6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) tener (una)capacidad de, contener

7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) tener lugar, celebrar, organizar

8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) mantenerse

9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) ocupar, desempeñar, ejercer

10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) creer, considerar, estar seguro

11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) ser válido, tener validez

12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) hacer cumplir

13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) defender

14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) resistir (frente)

15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) mantener

16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) tener

17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) tener lugar, celebrarse

18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) poseer, tener

19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) mantenerse, aguantar

20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) esperar, aguardar

21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) aguantar

22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) guardar

23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) deparar

2. noun
1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) control; asimiento

2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) dominio, influencia

3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) llave

•

- - holder
- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with
II həuld noun
((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) bodega

hold¹ n bodega

he hid in the hold of the ship se escondió en la bodega del barco

to get hold of someone ponerse en contacto con alguien

to get hold of something coger algo / agarrar algo

to take hold of something coger algo

hold² vb

1. sostener / tener en la mano

can you hold my camera, please? ¿me aguantas la cámara, por favor?

she held her baby in her arms tenía el bebé en brazos

2. coger / sujetar

hold it tight! ¡sujétalo fuerte!

hold my hand dame la mano

hold me tight abrázame fuerte

3. tener una capacidad / tener cabida

this glass holds half a litre en este vaso cabe medio litro

the stadium holds 100,000 people el estadio tiene cabida para 100.000 personas

4. celebrar / dar

they held a party for her le hicieron una fiesta

elections will be held soon pronto se celebrarán elecciones

5. tener / ocupar

he holds the office of secretary ocupa el puesto de secretario

to hold a conversation mantener una conversación

to hold hands ir cogidos de la mano

to hold your breath contener la respiración

to hold the line no colgar el teléfono

El pasado y participio pasado de hold es held; el gerundio se escribe holding

hold

tr[həʊld]

noun

1 (grip) asimiento

2 (place to grip) asidero

3 (in ship, plane) bodega

4 (control) autoridad nombre femenino, control nombre masculino; (influence) influencia

■ governments should exert a strong hold on public expenditure los gobiernos deben aplicar un control riguroso sobre el gasto público

■ she has a strong hold over him ella ejerce una influencia poderosa sobre él

5 (in wrestling) llave nombre femenino

transitive verb (pt & pp held tr[held])

1 (keep in one's hand) aguantar, sostener; (grip tightly) agarrar; (support) soportar, aguantar

■ hold my bag aguántame el bolso

2 (maintain - opinion) sostener

3 (contain) dar cabida a, tener capacidad para

■ the stadium holds a lot of people el estadio tiene capacidad para mucha gente

4 figurative use deparar

■ I don't know what the future holds for me no sé lo que el futuro me deparará, no sé lo que me espera en el futuro

5 (meeting) celebrar; (conversation) mantener

■ political parties often hold meetings in parks los partidos políticos celebran a menudo sus mítines en los parques

■ she loves holding long chats with her best friend le encanta mantener largas charlas con su mejor amiga

6 (think) creer, considerar

7 (keep) guardar

intransitive verb

1 (withstand attack, pressure) resistir

2 (remain true) seguir siendo válido,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to catch hold of agarrar, asir, coger

to get hold of (grab) agarrar, asir, coger 2 (obtain) hacerse con, encontrar, localizar

■ wait till I get hold of you! ¡espera a que te coja!

■ I can't get hold of that book anywhere no encuentro ese libro en ninguna parte

■ she couldn't get hold of him all afternoon no lo pudo localizar en toda la tarde

to hold one's head high llevar bien alta la cabeza

to hold one's own figurative use defenderse

■ he can hold his own in Spanish se defiende en español

to hold somebody abrazar a alguien

to hold somebody's hand cogerle la mano a alguien

to hold the road SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL agarrarse a la carretera

hold ['ho:ld] v, held ['hɛld] ; holding vt

1) possess: tener

to hold office: ocupar un puesto

2) restrain: detener, controlar

to hold one's temper: controlar su mal genio

3) clasp, grasp: agarrar, coger

to hold hands: agarrarse de la mano

4) : sujetar, mantener fijo

hold this nail for me: sujétame este clavo

5) contain: contener, dar cabida a

6) support: aguantar, sostener

7) regard: considerar, tener

he held me responsible: me consideró responsable

8) conduct: celebrar (una reunión), realizar (un evento), mantener (una conversación)

hold vi

1) : aguantar, resistir

the rope will hold: la cuerda resistirá

2) : ser válido, valer

my offer still holds: mi oferta todavía es válida

3)

to hold forth : perorar, arengar

4)

to hold to : mantenerse firme en

5)

to hold with : estar de acuerdo con

hold n

1) grip: agarre m, llave f (en deportes)

2) control: control m, dominio m

to get hold of oneself: controlarse

3) delay: demora f

to put on hold: suspender temporalmente

4) : bodega f (en un barco o un avión)

5)

to get hold of : conseguir, localizar

hold (on -)

adj.

• retenido, -a adj.

n.

• agarradero s.m.

• agarre s.m.

• agarro s.m.

• apresamiento s.m.

• arraigo s.m.

• mango s.m.

• retención s.f. (To contain)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = caber v.

(§pres: quepo, cabes...) pret: cup-

fut/c: cabr-•) (To fit)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = adherir v. (To hold back)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = detener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held) = contener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• mantener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• retener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• soportar v.

• sostener v.

(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-

fut/c: -tendr-•)

• sujetar v.

• tener v.

(§pres: tengo, tienes...tenemos) pret: tuv-

fut/c: tendr-•)

I
1. həʊld
(past & past p held) transitive verb

1)

a) ( have in one's hand(s)) tener*

she was holding a newspaper — tenía un periódico en la mano

will you hold this for me? — ¿me puedes tener or (esp AmL) agarrar esto por favor?

b) ( clasp)

hold it with both hands — sujétalo or (esp AmL) agárralo con las dos manos

he was holding her hand — la tenía agarrada or (esp Esp) cogida de la mano

hold me tight — abrázame fuerte; own III

c) ( grip) ( Auto) agarrar, adherirse*

vehicles which hold the road well — vehículos de buen agarre or que se agarran bien a la carretera

2)

a) (support, bear) sostener*, aguantar

to hold oneself erect — mantenerse* erguido

b) ( have room for) \<\<cup/jug\>\> tener* una capacidad de; \<\<stadium\>\> tener* capacidad or cabida para

c) ( contain) contener*

to hold one's liquor o (BrE) drink — ser* de buen beber, aguantar bien la bebida or (fam) el trago

d) ( have in store) deparar

who knows what the future holds — quién sabe qué nos deparará el futuro

3)

a) ( keep in position) sujetar, sostener*

raise your legs off the floor and hold them there — levanta las piernas del suelo y manténlas levantadas

b) ( maintain) \<\<attention/interest\>\> mantener*

she held the lead throughout the race — se mantuvo a la cabeza durante toda la carrera

if Labour holds these seats — si los laboristas retienen estos escaños or (RPl) estas bancas

4)

a) ( keep) \<\<tickets/room\>\> reservar, guardar

I will hold the money until... — yo me quedaré con el dinero hasta...

she asked her secretary to hold all her calls — le dijo a su secretaria que no le pasara ninguna llamada

b) (detain, imprison)

she is being held at the police station for questioning — está detenida en la comisaría para ser interrogada

c) ( restrain) detener*

once she decides to do something, there's no holding her — una vez que decide hacer algo, no hay nada que la detenga

d) ( control) \<\<troops/rebels\>\> ocupar

5)

a) ( have) \<\<passport/ticket/permit\>\> tener*, estar* en posesión de (frml); \<\<degree/shares/property\>\> tener*; \<\<record\>\> ostentar, tener*; \<\<post/position\>\> tener*, ocupar

he holds the view that... — sostiene que or mantiene que..., es de la opinión de que...

b) ( consider) considerar; ( assert) sostener*, mantener*

this is held to be the case — se considera que es así

principles which he holds dear — principios que le son caros

to hold somebody in high esteem — tener* a alguien en mucha or gran estima

to hold somebody responsible for something — responsabilizar* a alguien de algo

c) ( conduct) \<\<meeting/elections\>\> celebrar, llevar a cabo; \<\<demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<party\>\> dar*; \<\<conversation\>\> mantener*

interviews will be held in London — las entrevistas tendrán lugar en Londres

6)

a) ( stop)

hold it! — espera!

hold it right there or I'll shoot! — quieto o disparo!

hold your fire! — alto al fuego!

b) ( omit) (AmE)

I'll have a hamburger, but hold the mustard — para mí una hamburguesa, pero sin mostaza

2.

vi

1) (clasp, grip)

hold tight! — agárrate fuerte!

2)

a) ( stay firm) \<\<rope/door\>\> aguantar, resistir

b) ( continue) \<\<weather\>\> seguir* or continuar* bueno, mantenerse*

share prices have held — los precios de las acciones se han mantenido

if our luck holds — si nos sigue acompañando la suerte

3) ( be true) \<\<idea/analogy\>\> ser* válido

my promise still holds good — mi promesa sigue en pie

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- hold against

- hold back

- hold down

- hold forth

- hold in

- hold off

- hold on

- hold out

- hold over

- hold together

- hold up

- hold with

II

noun

1) u

a) (grip, grasp)

to catch o grab o take hold (of something) — agarrar (algo), coger* (algo) (esp Esp); ( so as not to fall etc) agarrarse or asirse (de or a algo)

he had a firm hold on the rope — tenía la cuerda bien agarrada or sujeta

to keep hold of something — no soltar* algo

you keep hold of him — que no se te escape

to get hold of somebody — localizar* or (AmL tb) ubicar* a alguien

to get hold of something — ( manage to get) conseguir* algo

where did you get hold of the idea that... ? — ¿de dónde has sacado la idea de que... ?

the fire took hold — el fuego prendió

b) ( control)

to keep a firm hold on something — mantener* algo bajo riguroso control

to get a hold of o on oneself — controlarse

the hold they have over the members of the sect — el dominio que ejercen sobre los miembros de la secta

c) (TV)

horizontal/vertical hold — control m de imagen horizontal/vertical

2) c

a) (in wrestling, judo) llave f

with no holds barred — sin ningún tipo de restricciones

b) ( in mountaineering) asidero m

3) c (delay, pause) demora f

to be on hold — \<\<negotiations\>\> estar* en compás de espera; \<\<project\>\> estar* aparcado or en suspenso

I've got Mr Brown on hold — el Sr Brown está esperando para hablar con usted

to put something on hold — \<\<project\>\> dejar algo aparcado or en suspenso

4) c (of ship, aircraft) bodega f

[hǝʊld] (vb: pt, pp held)
1. N

1) (=grasp) agarro m, asimiento m

• to catch hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm)

catch hold! — ¡toma!

• to get hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm); (fig) (=take over) adquirir, apoderarse de; (=obtain) procurarse, conseguir

where can I get hold of some red paint? — ¿dónde puedo conseguir pintura roja?

where did you get hold of that? — ¿dónde has adquirido eso?

where did you get hold of that idea? — ¿de dónde te salió esa idea?

you get hold of some odd ideas — te formas unas ideas muy raras

to get hold of sb — (fig) (=contact) localizar a algn

we're trying to get hold of him — tratamos de ponernos en contacto con él

to get (a) hold of o.s. — (fig) dominarse

• to have hold of — estar agarrado a

• to keep hold of — seguir agarrado a; (fig) guardar para sí

• to lay hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm)

• on hold, to be on hold — (Telec) estar en espera

to put sb on hold — (Telec) poner a algn en espera

to put a plan on hold — suspender temporalmente la ejecución de un plan

• to relax one's hold — desasirse (on de)

• to seize hold of — apoderarse de

• to take hold of — coger, agarrar (LAm)

2) (Mountaineering) asidero m

3) (Wrestling) presa f, llave f

with no holds barred — (fig) sin restricción, permitiéndose todo

4) (fig) (=control, influence) (exerted by person) influencia f, dominio m (on, over sobre); (exerted by habit) arraigo m (on, over en)

her powerful hold on her son — su poderosa influencia sobre su hijo

this broke the dictator's hold — esto acabó con el dominio del dictador

• to gain a firm hold over sb — llegar a dominar a algn

• to have a hold on or over sb — dominar a algn, tener dominado a algn

drink has a hold on him — la bebida está muy arraigada en él, está atrapado por la bebida

5) (Aer, Naut) bodega f, compartimento m de carga

2. VT

1) (=grasp) tener; (=grasp firmly) sujetar; (=take hold of) coger, agarrar (LAm); (=embrace) abrazar

he was holding a little mouse in his hand — tenía un ratoncillo en la mano

she came in holding a baby/bunch of flowers — entró con un niño en brazos/con un ramo de flores en las manos

he was holding her in his arms — (romantically) la tenía entre sus brazos

he held my arm — me tuvo por el brazo

hold the ladder — sujeta la escalera

hold this for a moment — coge esto un momento

hold him or he'll fall — sostenle que va a caer

• to hold sb close — abrazar a algn estrechamente

• to hold sth in place — sujetar algo en un lugar

• to hold sth tight — agarrar algo fuertemente

to hold sb tight — abrazar a algn estrechamente
nose 1., 1)
2) (=maintain, keep) [+ attention, interest] mantener; [+ belief, opinion] tener, sostener; [+ note] sostener

• can he hold an audience? — ¿sabe mantener el interés de un público?

• to hold one's head high — mantenerse firme

• to hold the line — (Telec) no colgar

• to hold one's own — defenderse

• to hold sb to his promise — hacer que algn cumpla su promesa

• this car holds the road well — este coche se agarra muy bien

• he held us spellbound — nos tuvo embelesados

• to hold o.s. upright — mantenerse recto

3) (=keep back) retener, guardar

I will hold the money for you — guardaré el dinero para ti

"hold for arrival" — (US) (on letters) "no reexpedir", "reténgase"

we are holding it pending inquiries — lo guardamos mientras se hagan indagaciones

4) (=check, restrain) [+ enemy, breath] contener

hold it! — ¡para!, ¡espera!

hold everything! — ¡que se pare todo!

the police held him for three days — lo detuvo la policía durante tres días

there was no holding him — no había manera de detenerle

• to hold sb prisoner — tener preso a algn

• to hold one's tongue — morderse la lengua, callarse la boca

5) (=possess) [+ post, town, lands] ocupar; [+ passport, ticket, shares, title] tener; (Econ) [+ reserves] tener en reserva, tener guardado; [+ record] ostentar; (Mil) [+ position] mantenerse en

• to hold the fort — (fig) quedarse a cargo

• he holds the key to the mystery — él tiene la clave del misterio

• to hold office — (Pol) ocupar un cargo

• to hold the stage — (fig) dominar la escena

6) (=contain) contener, tener capacidad or cabida para

this stadium holds 10,000 people — este estadio tiene capacidad or cabida para 10.000 personas

this holds the money — esto contiene el dinero

this bag won't hold them all — en este saco no caben todos

a car that holds six — un coche de seis plazas

what the future holds for us — lo que el futuro guarda para nosotros

what does the future hold? — ¿qué nos reserva el futuro?

7) (=carry on) [+ conversation] mantener; [+ interview, meeting, election] celebrar; [+ event] realizar; (formally) celebrar

the maths exam is being held today — hoy tiene lugar el examen de matemáticas

the meeting will be held on Monday — se celebrará la reunión el lunes, la reunión tendrá lugar el lunes

to hold a mass — (Rel) celebrar una misa

8) (=consider, believe) creer, sostener

to hold that... — creer que..., sostener que...

I hold that... — yo creo or sostengo que...

it is held by some that... — hay quien cree que...

• to hold sth dear — apreciar mucho algo

to hold sb dear — querer or apreciar mucho a algn

• to hold sb in high esteem — tener a algn en gran or alta estima

• to hold sb guilty — juzgar a algn culpable

• to hold sb in respect — tener respeto a algn

• to hold sb responsible for sth — echar la culpa a algn de algo, hacer a algn responsable de algo

• to hold sth to be true — creer que algo es verdad
peace 1.
9) (=bear weight of) soportar

3. VI

1) (=stick) pegarse; (=not give way) mantenerse firme, resistir; [weather] continuar, seguir bueno

the ceasefire seems to be holding — el cese de fuego parece que se mantiene

• to hold firm or fast — mantenerse firme

2) (=be valid) valer, ser valedero

the objection does not hold — la objeción no vale

3) (Telec)

please hold — no cuelge, por favor

- hold against

- hold back

- hold down

- hold forth

- hold in

- hold off

- hold on

- hold on to

- hold out

- hold out on

- hold over

- hold to

- hold together

- hold up

- hold with

* * *

I
1. [həʊld]
(past & past p held) transitive verb

1)

a) ( have in one's hand(s)) tener*

she was holding a newspaper — tenía un periódico en la mano

will you hold this for me? — ¿me puedes tener or (esp AmL) agarrar esto por favor?

b) ( clasp)

hold it with both hands — sujétalo or (esp AmL) agárralo con las dos manos

he was holding her hand — la tenía agarrada or (esp Esp) cogida de la mano

hold me tight — abrázame fuerte; own III

c) ( grip) ( Auto) agarrar, adherirse*

vehicles which hold the road well — vehículos de buen agarre or que se agarran bien a la carretera

2)

a) (support, bear) sostener*, aguantar

to hold oneself erect — mantenerse* erguido

b) ( have room for) \<\<cup/jug\>\> tener* una capacidad de; \<\<stadium\>\> tener* capacidad or cabida para

c) ( contain) contener*

to hold one's liquor o (BrE) drink — ser* de buen beber, aguantar bien la bebida or (fam) el trago

d) ( have in store) deparar

who knows what the future holds — quién sabe qué nos deparará el futuro

3)

a) ( keep in position) sujetar, sostener*

raise your legs off the floor and hold them there — levanta las piernas del suelo y manténlas levantadas

b) ( maintain) \<\<attention/interest\>\> mantener*

she held the lead throughout the race — se mantuvo a la cabeza durante toda la carrera

if Labour holds these seats — si los laboristas retienen estos escaños or (RPl) estas bancas

4)

a) ( keep) \<\<tickets/room\>\> reservar, guardar

I will hold the money until... — yo me quedaré con el dinero hasta...

she asked her secretary to hold all her calls — le dijo a su secretaria que no le pasara ninguna llamada

b) (detain, imprison)

she is being held at the police station for questioning — está detenida en la comisaría para ser interrogada

c) ( restrain) detener*

once she decides to do something, there's no holding her — una vez que decide hacer algo, no hay nada que la detenga

d) ( control) \<\<troops/rebels\>\> ocupar

5)

a) ( have) \<\<passport/ticket/permit\>\> tener*, estar* en posesión de (frml); \<\<degree/shares/property\>\> tener*; \<\<record\>\> ostentar, tener*; \<\<post/position\>\> tener*, ocupar

he holds the view that... — sostiene que or mantiene que..., es de la opinión de que...

b) ( consider) considerar; ( assert) sostener*, mantener*

this is held to be the case — se considera que es así

principles which he holds dear — principios que le son caros

to hold somebody in high esteem — tener* a alguien en mucha or gran estima

to hold somebody responsible for something — responsabilizar* a alguien de algo

c) ( conduct) \<\<meeting/elections\>\> celebrar, llevar a cabo; \<\<demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<party\>\> dar*; \<\<conversation\>\> mantener*

interviews will be held in London — las entrevistas tendrán lugar en Londres

6)

a) ( stop)

hold it! — espera!

hold it right there or I'll shoot! — quieto o disparo!

hold your fire! — alto al fuego!

b) ( omit) (AmE)

I'll have a hamburger, but hold the mustard — para mí una hamburguesa, pero sin mostaza

2.

vi

1) (clasp, grip)

hold tight! — agárrate fuerte!

2)

a) ( stay firm) \<\<rope/door\>\> aguantar, resistir

b) ( continue) \<\<weather\>\> seguir* or continuar* bueno, mantenerse*

share prices have held — los precios de las acciones se han mantenido

if our luck holds — si nos sigue acompañando la suerte

3) ( be true) \<\<idea/analogy\>\> ser* válido

my promise still holds good — mi promesa sigue en pie

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- hold against

- hold back

- hold down

- hold forth

- hold in

- hold off

- hold on

- hold out

- hold over

- hold together

- hold up

- hold with

II

noun

1) u

a) (grip, grasp)

to catch o grab o take hold (of something) — agarrar (algo), coger* (algo) (esp Esp); ( so as not to fall etc) agarrarse or asirse (de or a algo)

he had a firm hold on the rope — tenía la cuerda bien agarrada or sujeta

to keep hold of something — no soltar* algo

you keep hold of him — que no se te escape

to get hold of somebody — localizar* or (AmL tb) ubicar* a alguien

to get hold of something — ( manage to get) conseguir* algo

where did you get hold of the idea that... ? — ¿de dónde has sacado la idea de que... ?

the fire took hold — el fuego prendió

b) ( control)

to keep a firm hold on something — mantener* algo bajo riguroso control

to get a hold of o on oneself — controlarse

the hold they have over the members of the sect — el dominio que ejercen sobre los miembros de la secta

c) (TV)

horizontal/vertical hold — control m de imagen horizontal/vertical

2) c

a) (in wrestling, judo) llave f

with no holds barred — sin ningún tipo de restricciones

b) ( in mountaineering) asidero m

3) c (delay, pause) demora f

to be on hold — \<\<negotiations\>\> estar* en compás de espera; \<\<project\>\> estar* aparcado or en suspenso

I've got Mr Brown on hold — el Sr Brown está esperando para hablar con usted

to put something on hold — \<\<project\>\> dejar algo aparcado or en suspenso

4) c (of ship, aircraft) bodega f

English-spanish dictionary > hold
5 torpemente

adv.

1 awkwardly, clumsily.

2 obscenely, basely; slowly.

3 stiffly.

4 slow-wittedly.

5 vilely, dishonestly. (Figurative)

6 crudely. (Figurative)

* * *

torpemente

► adverbio

1 (sin habilidad) clumsily, awkwardly

2 (lentamente) slowly

* * *

ADV

1) (=sin destreza) clumsily, awkwardly

2) (=neciamente) slow-wittedly

* * *

adverbio

a) <caminar/moverse> clumsily; <expresarse/actuar> clumsily

b) ( tontamente) stupidly

* * *

= clumsily, lumpishly, obtusely, awkwardly, cumbrously, stupidly, foolishly.

Ex. Seventeenth-century English printing was abysmally poor, and there are few books that were not set in ill-cast, battered type, clumsily arranged and carelessly printed in brown ink on shabby paper.

Ex. Even smaller books were liable to be lumpishly bound, but here there was more variety.

Ex. Endnote will now produce bibliographies arranged by 'topic' -- though the advertisement obtusely touted arrangement by author as an example of this feature.

Ex. However, the rules of 1908 and 1949 included no such provision, save in the case of anonymous works where this was accomplished awkwardly and indirectly by the use of added entries under the original title.

Ex. In order to avoid cumbrously constructed sentences, the term 'library' henceforth will be used in this introduction to encompass 'libraries,' 'media centers,' and 'information systems'.

Ex. Intelligent individuals often think that they cannot behave stupidly, but that is precisely what leads them down the garden path.

Ex. Gordon Brown foolishly goes to shake the hand of a soldier standing to attention in Afghanistan at the weekend.

* * *

adverbio

a) <caminar/moverse> clumsily; <expresarse/actuar> clumsily

b) ( tontamente) stupidly

* * *

= clumsily, lumpishly, obtusely, awkwardly, cumbrously, stupidly, foolishly.

Ex: Seventeenth-century English printing was abysmally poor, and there are few books that were not set in ill-cast, battered type, clumsily arranged and carelessly printed in brown ink on shabby paper.

Ex: Even smaller books were liable to be lumpishly bound, but here there was more variety.

Ex: Endnote will now produce bibliographies arranged by 'topic' -- though the advertisement obtusely touted arrangement by author as an example of this feature.

Ex: However, the rules of 1908 and 1949 included no such provision, save in the case of anonymous works where this was accomplished awkwardly and indirectly by the use of added entries under the original title.

Ex: In order to avoid cumbrously constructed sentences, the term 'library' henceforth will be used in this introduction to encompass 'libraries,' 'media centers,' and 'information systems'.

Ex: Intelligent individuals often think that they cannot behave stupidly, but that is precisely what leads them down the garden path.

Ex: Gordon Brown foolishly goes to shake the hand of a soldier standing to attention in Afghanistan at the weekend.

* * *

torpemente

adverb

1 ‹caminar/moverse› clumsily, awkwardly

2 ‹expresarse/actuar› clumsily

3 (tontamente) stupidly

* * *

torpemente adv

1. [moverse, escribir] clumsily, awkwardly

2. [actuar, hablar] clumsily

* * *

torpemente adv clumsily

Spanish-English dictionary > torpemente
6 Bibliography

■ Aitchison, J. (1987). Noam Chomsky: Consensus and controversy. New York: Falmer Press.

■ Anderson, J. R. (1980). Cognitive psychology and its implications. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Anderson, J. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and its implications (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman.

■ Archilochus (1971). In M. L. West (Ed.), Iambi et elegi graeci (Vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

■ Armstrong, D. M. (1990). The causal theory of the mind. In W. G. Lycan (Ed.), Mind and cognition: A reader (pp. 37-47). Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. (Originally published in 1981 in The nature of mind and other essays, Ithaca, NY: University Press).

■ Atkins, P. W. (1992). Creation revisited. Oxford: W. H. Freeman & Company.

■ Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Bacon, F. (1878). Of the proficience and advancement of learning divine and human. In The works of Francis Bacon (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: Hurd & Houghton.

■ Bacon, R. (1928). Opus majus (Vol. 2). R. B. Burke (Trans.). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

■ Bar-Hillel, Y. (1960). The present status of automatic translation of languages. In F. L. Alt (Ed.), Advances in computers (Vol. 1). New York: Academic Press.

■ Barr, A., & E. A. Feigenbaum (Eds.) (1981). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 1). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

■ Barr, A., & E. A. Feigenbaum (Eds.) (1982). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 2). Los Altos, CA: William Kaufman.

■ Barron, F. X. (1963). The needs for order and for disorder as motives in creative activity. In C. W. Taylor & F. X. Barron (Eds.), Scientific creativity: Its rec ognition and development (pp. 153-160). New York: Wiley.

■ Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Bartley, S. H. (1969). Principles of perception. London: Harper & Row.

■ Barzun, J. (1959). The house of intellect. New York: Harper & Row.

■ Beach, F. A., D. O. Hebb, C. T. Morgan & H. W. Nissen (Eds.) (1960). The neu ropsychology of Lashley. New York: McGraw-Hill.

■ Berkeley, G. (1996). Principles of human knowledge: Three Dialogues. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Originally published in 1710.)

■ Berlin, I. (1953). The hedgehog and the fox: An essay on Tolstoy's view of history. NY: Simon & Schuster.

■ Bierwisch, J. (1970). Semantics. In J. Lyons (Ed.), New horizons in linguistics. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

■ Black, H. C. (1951). Black's law dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.

■ Bloom, A. (1981). The linguistic shaping of thought: A study in the impact of language on thinking in China and the West. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

■ Bobrow, D. G., & D. A. Norman (1975). Some principles of memory schemata. In D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), Representation and understanding: Stud ies in Cognitive Science (pp. 131-149). New York: Academic Press.

■ Boden, M. A. (1977). Artificial intelligence and natural man. New York: Basic Books.

■ Boden, M. A. (1981). Minds and mechanisms. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

■ Boden, M. A. (1990a). The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms. London: Cardinal.

■ Boden, M. A. (1990b). The philosophy of artificial intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

■ Boden, M. A. (1994). Precis of The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms. Behavioral and brain sciences 17, 519-570.

■ Boden, M. (1996). Creativity. In M. Boden (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.

■ Bolter, J. D. (1984). Turing's man: Western culture in the computer age. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

■ Bolton, N. (1972). The psychology of thinking. London: Methuen.

■ Bourne, L. E. (1973). Some forms of cognition: A critical analysis of several papers. In R. Solso (Ed.), Contemporary issues in cognitive psychology (pp. 313324). Loyola Symposium on Cognitive Psychology (Chicago 1972). Washington, DC: Winston.

■ Bransford, J. D., N. S. McCarrell, J. J. Franks & K. E. Nitsch (1977). Toward unexplaining memory. In R. Shaw & J. D. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing (pp. 431-466). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Breger, L. (1981). Freud's unfinished journey. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

■ Brehmer, B. (1986). In one word: Not from experience. In H. R. Arkes & K. Hammond (Eds.), Judgment and decision making: An interdisciplinary reader (pp. 705-719). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Bresnan, J. (1978). A realistic transformational grammar. In M. Halle, J. Bresnan & G. A. Miller (Eds.), Linguistic theory and psychological reality (pp. 1-59). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Brislin, R. W., W. J. Lonner & R. M. Thorndike (Eds.) (1973). Cross- cultural research methods. New York: Wiley.

■ Bronowski, J. (1977). A sense of the future: Essays in natural philosophy. P. E. Ariotti with R. Bronowski (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Bronowski, J. (1978). The origins of knowledge and imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

■ Brown, R. O. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Brown, T. (1970). Lectures on the philosophy of the human mind. In R. Brown (Ed.), Between Hume and Mill: An anthology of British philosophy- 1749- 1843 (pp. 330-387). New York: Random House/Modern Library.

■ Bruner, J. S., J. Goodnow & G. Austin (1956). A study of thinking. New York: Wiley.

■ Calvin, W. H. (1990). The cerebral symphony: Seashore reﬂections on the structure of consciousness. New York: Bantam.

■ Campbell, J. (1982). Grammatical man: Information, entropy, language, and life. New York: Simon & Schuster.

■ Campbell, J. (1989). The improbable machine. New York: Simon & Schuster.

■ Carlyle, T. (1966). On heroes, hero- worship and the heroic in history. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. (Originally published in 1841.)

■ Carnap, R. (1959). The elimination of metaphysics through logical analysis of language [Ueberwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache]. In A. J. Ayer (Ed.), Logical positivism (pp. 60-81) A. Pap (Trans). New York: Free Press. (Originally published in 1932.)

■ Cassirer, E. (1946). Language and myth. New York: Harper and Brothers. Reprinted. New York: Dover Publications, 1953.

■ Cattell, R. B., & H. J. Butcher (1970). Creativity and personality. In P. E. Vernon (Ed.), Creativity. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.

■ Caudill, M., & C. Butler (1990). Naturally intelligent systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Chandrasekaran, B. (1990). What kind of information processing is intelligence? A perspective on AI paradigms and a proposal. In D. Partridge & R. Wilks (Eds.), The foundations of artificial intelligence: A sourcebook (pp. 14-46). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Charniak, E., & McDermott, D. (1985). Introduction to artificial intelligence. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

■ Chase, W. G., & H. A. Simon (1988). The mind's eye in chess. In A. Collins & E. E. Smith (Eds.), Readings in cognitive science: A perspective from psychology and artificial intelligence (pp. 461-493). San Mateo, CA: Kaufmann.

■ Cheney, D. L., & R. M. Seyfarth (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

■ Chi, M.T.H., R. Glaser & E. Rees (1982). Expertise in problem solving. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (pp. 7-73). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton. Janua Linguarum.

■ Chomsky, N. (1964). A transformational approach to syntax. In J. A. Fodor & J. J. Katz (Eds.), The structure of language: Readings in the philosophy of lan guage (pp. 211-245). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

■ Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Chomsky, N. (1972). Language and mind (enlarged ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

■ Chomsky, N. (1979). Language and responsibility. New York: Pantheon.

■ Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin and use. New York: Praeger Special Studies.

■ Churchland, P. (1979). Scientific realism and the plasticity of mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.

■ Churchland, P. M. (1989). A neurocomputational perspective: The nature of mind and the structure of science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Churchland, P. S. (1986). Neurophilosophy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Clark, A. (1996). Philosophical Foundations. In M. A. Boden (Ed.), Artificial in telligence (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.

■ Clark, H. H., & T. B. Carlson (1981). Context for comprehension. In J. Long & A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance (Vol. 9, pp. 313-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Clarke, A. C. (1984). Profiles of the future: An inquiry into the limits of the possible. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

■ Claxton, G. (1980). Cognitive psychology: A suitable case for what sort of treatment? In G. Claxton (Ed.), Cognitive psychology: New directions (pp. 1-25). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

■ Code, M. (1985). Order and organism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

■ Collingwood, R. G. (1972). The idea of history. New York: Oxford University Press.

■ Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self- esteem. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Copland, A. (1952). Music and imagination. London: Oxford University Press.

■ Coren, S. (1994). The intelligence of dogs. New York: Bantam Books.

■ Cottingham, J. (Ed.) (1996). Western philosophy: An anthology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

■ Cox, C. (1926). The early mental traits of three hundred geniuses. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

■ Craik, K.J.W. (1943). The nature of explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of psychological testing (5th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.

■ Cronbach, L. J., & R. E. Snow (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods. New York: Irvington. Paperback edition, 1981.

■ Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1993). The evolving self. New York: Harper Perennial.

■ Culler, J. (1976). Ferdinand de Saussure. New York: Penguin Books.

■ Curtius, E. R. (1973). European literature and the Latin Middle Ages. W. R. Trask (Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

■ D'Alembert, J.L.R. (1963). Preliminary discourse to the encyclopedia of Diderot. R. N. Schwab (Trans.). Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

■ Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Avon.

■ Dampier, W. C. (1966). A history of modern science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Darwin, C. (1911). The life and letters of Charles Darwin (Vol. 1). Francis Darwin (Ed.). New York: Appleton.

■ Davidson, D. (1970) Mental events. In L. Foster & J. W. Swanson (Eds.), Experience and theory (pp. 79-101). Amherst: University of Massachussetts Press.

■ Davies, P. (1995). About time: Einstein's unfinished revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone.

■ Davis, R., & J. J. King (1977). An overview of production systems. In E. Elcock & D. Michie (Eds.), Machine intelligence 8. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood.

■ Davis, R., & D. B. Lenat (1982). Knowledge- based systems in artificial intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.

■ Dawkins, R. (1982). The extended phenotype: The gene as the unit of selection. Oxford: W. H. Freeman.

■ deKleer, J., & J. S. Brown (1983). Assumptions and ambiguities in mechanistic mental models (1983). In D. Gentner & A. L. Stevens (Eds.), Mental modes (pp. 155-190). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Dennett, D. C. (1978a). Brainstorms: Philosophical essays on mind and psychology. Montgomery, VT: Bradford Books.

■ Dennett, D. C. (1978b). Toward a cognitive theory of consciousness. In D. C. Dennett, Brainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology. Montgomery, VT: Bradford Books.

■ Dennett, D. C. (1995). Darwin's dangerous idea: Evolution and the meanings of life. New York: Simon & Schuster/Touchstone.

■ Descartes, R. (1897-1910). Traite de l'homme. In Oeuvres de Descartes (Vol. 11, pp. 119-215). Paris: Charles Adam & Paul Tannery. (Originally published in 1634.)

■ Descartes, R. (1950). Discourse on method. L. J. Laﬂeur (Trans.). New York: Liberal Arts Press. (Originally published in 1637.)

■ Descartes, R. (1951). Meditation on first philosophy. L. J. Laﬂeur (Trans.). New York: Liberal Arts Press. (Originally published in 1641.)

■ Descartes, R. (1955). The philosophical works of Descartes. E. S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross (Trans.). New York: Dover. (Originally published in 1911 by Cambridge University Press.)

■ Descartes, R. (1967). Discourse on method (Pt. V). In E. S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 1, pp. 106-118). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1637.)

■ Descartes, R. (1970a). Discourse on method. In E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 1, pp. 181-200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1637.)

■ Descartes, R. (1970b). Principles of philosophy. In E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 1, pp. 178-291). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1644.)

■ Descartes, R. (1984). Meditations on first philosophy. In J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murduch (Trans.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1641.)

■ Descartes, R. (1986). Meditations on first philosophy. J. Cottingham (Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1641 as Med itationes de prima philosophia.)

■ deWulf, M. (1956). An introduction to scholastic philosophy. Mineola, NY: Dover Books.

■ Dixon, N. F. (1981). Preconscious processing. London: Wiley.

■ Doyle, A. C. (1986). The Boscombe Valley mystery. In Sherlock Holmes: The com plete novels and stories (Vol. 1). New York: Bantam.

■ Dreyfus, H., & S. Dreyfus (1986). Mind over machine. New York: Free Press.

■ Dreyfus, H. L. (1972). What computers can't do: The limits of artificial intelligence (revised ed.). New York: Harper & Row.

■ Dreyfus, H. L., & S. E. Dreyfus (1986). Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. New York: Free Press.

■ Edelman, G. M. (1992). Bright air, brilliant fire: On the matter of the mind. New York: Basic Books.

■ Ehrenzweig, A. (1967). The hidden order of art. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

■ Einstein, A., & L. Infeld (1938). The evolution of physics. New York: Simon & Schuster.

■ Eisenstein, S. (1947). Film sense. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

■ Everdell, W. R. (1997). The first moderns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

■ Eysenck, M. W. (1977). Human memory: Theory, research and individual difference. Oxford: Pergamon.

■ Eysenck, M. W. (1982). Attention and arousal: Cognition and performance. Berlin: Springer.

■ Eysenck, M. W. (1984). A handbook of cognitive psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Fancher, R. E. (1979). Pioneers of psychology. New York: W. W. Norton.

■ Farrell, B. A. (1981). The standing of psychoanalysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

■ Feldman, D. H. (1980). Beyond universals in cognitive development. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

■ Fetzer, J. H. (1996). Philosophy and cognitive science (2nd ed.). New York: Paragon House.

■ Finke, R. A. (1990). Creative imagery: Discoveries and inventions in visualization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Flanagan, O. (1991). The science of the mind. Cambridge MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Fodor, J. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Frege, G. (1972). Conceptual notation. T. W. Bynum (Trans.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Originally published in 1879.)

■ Frege, G. (1979). Logic. In H. Hermes, F. Kambartel & F. Kaulbach (Eds.), Gottlob Frege: Posthumous writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Originally published in 1879-1891.)

■ Freud, S. (1959). Creative writers and day-dreaming. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 9, pp. 143-153). London: Hogarth Press.

■ Freud, S. (1966). Project for a scientific psychology. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The stan dard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 1, pp. 295-398). London: Hogarth Press. (Originally published in 1950 as Aus den AnfaЁngen der Psychoanalyse, in London by Imago Publishing.)

■ Freud, S. (1976). Lecture 18-Fixation to traumas-the unconscious. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 16, p. 285). London: Hogarth Press.

■ Galileo, G. (1990). Il saggiatore [The assayer]. In S. Drake (Ed.), Discoveries and opinions of Galileo. New York: Anchor Books. (Originally published in 1623.)

■ Gassendi, P. (1970). Letter to Descartes. In "Objections and replies." In E. S. Haldane & G.R.T. Ross (Eds.), The philosophical works of Descartes (Vol. 2, pp. 179-240). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1641.)

■ Gazzaniga, M. S. (1988). Mind matters: How mind and brain interact to create our conscious lives. Boston: Houghton Mifﬂin in association with MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Genesereth, M. R., & N. J. Nilsson (1987). Logical foundations of artificial intelligence. Palo Alto, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

■ Ghiselin, B. (1952). The creative process. New York: Mentor.

■ Ghiselin, B. (1985). The creative process. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Originally published in 1952.)

■ Gilhooly, K. J. (1996). Thinking: Directed, undirected and creative (3rd ed.). London: Academic Press.

■ Glass, A. L., K. J. Holyoak & J. L. Santa (1979). Cognition. Reading, MA: AddisonWesley.

■ Goody, J. (1977). The domestication of the savage mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Gruber, H. E. (1980). Darwin on man: A psychological study of scientific creativity (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

■ Gruber, H. E., & S. Davis (1988). Inching our way up Mount Olympus: The evolving systems approach to creative thinking. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Guthrie, E. R. (1972). The psychology of learning. New York: Harper. (Originally published in 1935.)

■ Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests. Boston: Beacon Press.

■ Hadamard, J. (1945). The psychology of invention in the mathematical field. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

■ Hand, D. J. (1985). Artificial intelligence and psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Harris, M. (1981). The language myth. London: Duckworth.

■ Haugeland, J. (Ed.) (1981). Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Haugeland, J. (1981a). The nature and plausibility of cognitivism. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (pp. 243-281). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Haugeland, J. (1981b). Semantic engines: An introduction to mind design. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (pp. 1-34). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Haugeland, J. (1985). Artificial intelligence: The very idea. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Hawkes, T. (1977). Structuralism and semiotics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

■ Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organisation of behaviour. New York: Wiley.

■ Hebb, D. O. (1958). A textbook of psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders.

■ Hegel, G.W.F. (1910). The phenomenology of mind. J. B. Baille (Trans.). London: Sonnenschein. (Originally published as Phaenomenologie des Geistes, 1807.)

■ Heisenberg, W. (1958). Physics and philosophy. New York: Harper & Row.

■ Hempel, C. G. (1966). Philosophy of natural science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall.

■ Herman, A. (1997). The idea of decline in Western history. New York: Free Press.

■ Herrnstein, R. J., & E. G. Boring (Eds.) (1965). A source book in the history of psy chology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Herzmann, E. (1964). Mozart's creative process. In P. H. Lang (Ed.), The creative world of Mozart (pp. 17-30). London: Oldbourne Press.

■ Hilgard, E. R. (1957). Introduction to psychology. London: Methuen.

■ Hobbes, T. (1651). Leviathan. London: Crooke.

■ Hofstadter, D. R. (1979). Goedel, Escher, Bach: An eternal golden braid. New York: Basic Books.

■ Holliday, S. G., & M. J. Chandler (1986). Wisdom: Explorations in adult competence. Basel, Switzerland: Karger.

■ Horn, J. L. (1986). In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (Vol. 3). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

■ Hull, C. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

■ Hume, D. (1955). An inquiry concerning human understanding. New York: Liberal Arts Press. (Originally published in 1748.)

■ Hume, D. (1975). An enquiry concerning human understanding. In L. A. SelbyBigge (Ed.), Hume's enquiries (3rd. ed., revised P. H. Nidditch). Oxford: Clarendon. (Spelling and punctuation revised.) (Originally published in 1748.)

■ Hume, D. (1978). A treatise of human nature. L. A. Selby-Bigge (Ed.), Hume's enquiries (3rd. ed., revised P. H. Nidditch). Oxford: Clarendon. (With some modifications of spelling and punctuation.) (Originally published in 1690.)

■ Hunt, E. (1973). The memory we must have. In R. C. Schank & K. M. Colby (Eds.), Computer models of thought and language. (pp. 343-371) San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Husserl, E. (1960). Cartesian meditations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

■ Inhelder, B., & J. Piaget (1958). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence. New York: Basic Books. (Originally published in 1955 as De la logique de l'enfant a` la logique de l'adolescent. [Paris: Presses Universitaire de France])

■ James, W. (1890a). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). New York: Dover Books.

■ James, W. (1890b). The principles of psychology. New York: Henry Holt.

■ Jevons, W. S. (1900). The principles of science (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan.

■ Johnson, G. (1986). Machinery of the mind: Inside the new science of artificial intelli gence. New York: Random House.

■ Johnson, M. L. (1988). Mind, language, machine. New York: St. Martin's Press.

■ Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Toward a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1988). The computer and the mind: An introduction to cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Jones, E. (1961). The life and work of Sigmund Freud. L. Trilling & S. Marcus (Eds.). London: Hogarth.

■ Jones, R. V. (1985). Complementarity as a way of life. In A. P. French & P. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Niels Bohr: A centenary volume. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Kant, I. (1933). Critique of Pure Reason (2nd ed.). N. K. Smith (Trans.). London: Macmillan. (Originally published in 1781 as Kritik der reinen Vernunft.)

■ Kant, I. (1891). Solution of the general problems of the Prolegomena. In E. Belfort (Trans.), Kant's Prolegomena. London: Bell. (With minor modifications.) (Originally published in 1783.)

■ Katona, G. (1940). Organizing and memorizing: Studies in the psychology of learning and teaching. New York: Columbia University Press.

■ Kaufman, A. S. (1979). Intelligent testing with the WISC-R. New York: Wiley.

■ Koestler, A. (1964). The act of creation. New York: Arkana (Penguin).

■ Kohlberg, L. (1971). From is to ought. In T. Mischel (Ed.), Cognitive development and epistemology. (pp. 151-235) New York: Academic Press.

■ KoЁhler, W. (1925). The mentality of apes. New York: Liveright.

■ KoЁhler, W. (1927). The mentality of apes (2nd ed.). Ella Winter (Trans.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

■ KoЁhler, W. (1930). Gestalt psychology. London: G. Bell.

■ KoЁhler, W. (1947). Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.

■ KoЁhler, W. (1969). The task of Gestalt psychology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

■ Kuhn, T. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

■ Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

■ Langer, S. (1962). Philosophical sketches. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

■ Langley, P., H. A. Simon, G. L. Bradshaw & J. M. Zytkow (1987). Scientific dis covery: Computational explorations of the creative process. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior, the Hixon Symposium (pp. 112-146) New York: Wiley.

■ LeDoux, J. E., & W. Hirst (1986). Mind and brain: Dialogues in cognitive neuroscience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Lehnert, W. (1978). The process of question answering. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Leiber, J. (1991). Invitation to cognitive science. Oxford: Blackwell.

■ Lenat, D. B., & G. Harris (1978). Designing a rule system that searches for scientific discoveries. In D. A. Waterman & F. Hayes-Roth (Eds.), Pattern directed inference systems (pp. 25-52) New York: Academic Press.

■ Levenson, T. (1995). Measure for measure: A musical history of science. New York: Touchstone. (Originally published in 1994.)

■ Leґvi-Strauss, C. (1963). Structural anthropology. C. Jacobson & B. Grundfest Schoepf (Trans.). New York: Basic Books. (Originally published in 1958.)

■ Levine, M. W., & J. M. Schefner (1981). Fundamentals of sensation and perception. London: Addison-Wesley.

■ Lewis, C. I. (1946). An analysis of knowledge and valuation. LaSalle, IL: Open Court.

■ Lighthill, J. (1972). A report on artificial intelligence. Unpublished manuscript, Science Research Council.

■ Lipman, M., A. M. Sharp & F. S. Oscanyan (1980). Philosophy in the classroom. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

■ Lippmann, W. (1965). Public opinion. New York: Free Press. (Originally published in 1922.)

■ Locke, J. (1956). An essay concerning human understanding. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co. (Originally published in 1690.)

■ Locke, J. (1975). An essay concerning human understanding. P. H. Nidditch (Ed.). Oxford: Clarendon. (Originally published in 1690.) (With spelling and punctuation modernized and some minor modifications of phrasing.)

■ Lopate, P. (1994). The art of the personal essay. New York: Doubleday/Anchor Books.

■ Lorimer, F. (1929). The growth of reason. London: Kegan Paul. Machlup, F., & U. Mansfield (Eds.) (1983). The study of information. New York: Wiley.

■ Manguel, A. (1996). A history of reading. New York: Viking.

■ Margolis, H. (1987). Patterns, thinking, and cognition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

■ Markey, J. F. (1928). The symbolic process. London: Kegan Paul.

■ Martin, R. M. (1969). On Ziff's "Natural and formal languages." In S. Hook (Ed.), Language and philosophy: A symposium (pp. 249-263). New York: New York University Press.

■ Mazlish, B. (1993). The fourth discontinuity: the co- evolution of humans and machines. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

■ McCarthy, J., & P. J. Hayes (1969). Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence. In B. Meltzer & D. Michie (Eds.), Machine intelligence 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

■ McClelland, J. L., D. E. Rumelhart & G. E. Hinton (1986). The appeal of parallel distributed processing. In D. E. Rumelhart, J. L. McClelland & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the mi crostructure of cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 3-40). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/ Bradford Books.

■ McCorduck, P. (1979). Machines who think. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ McLaughlin, T. (1970). Music and communication. London: Faber & Faber.

■ Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review 69, 431-436.

■ Meehl, P. E., & C. J. Golden (1982). Taxometric methods. In Kendall, P. C., & Butcher, J. N. (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 127-182). New York: Wiley.

■ Mehler, J., E.C.T. Walker & M. Garrett (Eds.) (1982). Perspectives on mental rep resentation: Experimental and theoretical studies of cognitive processes and ca pacities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Mill, J. S. (1900). A system of logic, ratiocinative and inductive: Being a connected view of the principles of evidence and the methods of scientific investigation. London: Longmans, Green.

■ Miller, G. A. (1979, June). A very personal history. Talk to the Cognitive Science Workshop, Cambridge, MA.

■ Miller, J. (1983). States of mind. New York: Pantheon Books.

■ Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision (pp. 211-277). New York: McGrawHill.

■ Minsky, M., & S. Papert (1973). Artificial intelligence. Condon Lectures, Oregon State System of Higher Education, Eugene, Oregon.

■ Minsky, M. L. (1986). The society of mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.

■ Mischel, T. (1976). Psychological explanations and their vicissitudes. In J. K. Cole & W. J. Arnold (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on motivation (Vol. 23). Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.

■ Morford, M.P.O., & R. J. Lenardon (1995). Classical mythology (5th ed.). New York: Longman.

■ Murdoch, I. (1954). Under the net. New York: Penguin.

■ Nagel, E. (1959). Methodological issues in psychoanalytic theory. In S. Hook (Ed.), Psychoanalysis, scientific method, and philosophy: A symposium. New York: New York University Press.

■ Nagel, T. (1979). Mortal questions. London: Cambridge University Press.

■ Nagel, T. (1986). The view from nowhere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

■ Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

■ Neisser, U. (1972). Changing conceptions of imagery. In P. W. Sheehan (Ed.), The function and nature of imagery (pp. 233-251). London: Academic Press.

■ Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and reality. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Neisser, U. (1978). Memory: What are the important questions? In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 3-24). London: Academic Press.

■ Neisser, U. (1979). The concept of intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg & D. K. Detterman (Eds.), Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement (pp. 179-190). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

■ Nersessian, N. (1992). How do scientists think? Capturing the dynamics of conceptual change in science. In R. N. Giere (Ed.), Cognitive models of science (pp. 3-44). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

■ Newell, A. (1973a). Artificial intelligence and the concept of mind. In R. C. Schank & K. M. Colby (Eds.), Computer models of thought and language (pp. 1-60). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Newell, A. (1973b). You can't play 20 questions with nature and win. In W. G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp. 283-310). New York: Academic Press.

■ Newell, A., & H. A. Simon (1963). GPS: A program that simulates human thought. In E. A. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman (Eds.), Computers and thought (pp. 279-293). New York & McGraw-Hill.

■ Newell, A., & H. A. Simon (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

■ Nietzsche, F. (1966). Beyond good and evil. W. Kaufmann (Trans.). New York: Vintage. (Originally published in 1885.)

■ Nilsson, N. J. (1971). Problem- solving methods in artificial intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.

■ Nussbaum, M. C. (1978). Aristotle's Princeton University Press. De Motu Anamalium. Princeton, NJ:

■ Oersted, H. C. (1920). Thermo-electricity. In Kirstine Meyer (Ed.), H. C. Oersted, Natuurvidenskabelige Skrifter (Vol. 2). Copenhagen: n.p. (Originally published in 1830 in The Edinburgh encyclopaedia.)

■ Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the word. London: Methuen.

■ Onians, R. B. (1954). The origins of European thought. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

■ Osgood, C. E. (1960). Method and theory in experimental psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. (Originally published in 1953.)

■ Osgood, C. E. (1966). Language universals and psycholinguistics. In J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of language (2nd ed., pp. 299-322). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Palmer, R. E. (1969). Hermeneutics. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

■ Peirce, C. S. (1934). Some consequences of four incapacities-Man, a sign. In C. Hartsborne & P. Weiss (Eds.), Collected papers of Charles Saunders Peirce (Vol. 5, pp. 185-189). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Penfield, W. (1959). In W. Penfield & L. Roberts, Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

■ Penrose, R. (1994). Shadows of the mind: A search for the missing science of conscious ness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

■ Perkins, D. N. (1981). The mind's best work. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Peterfreund, E. (1986). The heuristic approach to psychoanalytic therapy. In

■ J. Reppen (Ed.), Analysts at work, (pp. 127-144). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.

■ Piaget, J. (1952). The origin of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press. (Originally published in 1936.)

■ Piaget, J. (1954). Le langage et les opeґrations intellectuelles. Proble` mes de psycho linguistique. Symposium de l'Association de Psychologie Scientifique de Langue Francёaise. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

■ Piaget, J. (1977). Problems of equilibration. In H. E. Gruber & J. J. Voneche (Eds.), The essential Piaget (pp. 838-841). London: Routlege & Kegan Paul. (Originally published in 1975 as L'eґquilibration des structures cognitives [Paris: Presses Universitaires de France].)

■ Piaget, J., & B. Inhelder. (1973). Memory and intelligence. New York: Basic Books.

■ Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. New York: Morrow.

■ Pinker, S. (1996). Facts about human language relevant to its evolution. In J.-P. Changeux & J. Chavaillon (Eds.), Origins of the human brain. A symposium of the Fyssen foundation (pp. 262-283). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Planck, M. (1949). Scientific autobiography and other papers. F. Gaynor (Trans.). New York: Philosophical Library.

■ Planck, M. (1990). Wissenschaftliche Selbstbiographie. W. Berg (Ed.). Halle, Germany: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.

■ Plato (1892). Meno. In The Dialogues of Plato (B. Jowett, Trans.; Vol. 2). New York: Clarendon. (Originally published circa 380 B.C.)

■ Poincareґ, H. (1913). Mathematical creation. In The foundations of science. G. B. Halsted (Trans.). New York: Science Press.

■ Poincareґ, H. (1921). The foundations of science: Science and hypothesis, the value of science, science and method. G. B. Halstead (Trans.). New York: Science Press.

■ Poincareґ, H. (1929). The foundations of science: Science and hypothesis, the value of science, science and method. New York: Science Press.

■ Poincareґ, H. (1952). Science and method. F. Maitland (Trans.) New York: Dover.

■ Polya, G. (1945). How to solve it. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

■ Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal knowledge. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

■ Popper, K. (1968). Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. New York: Harper & Row/Basic Books.

■ Popper, K., & J. Eccles (1977). The self and its brain. New York: Springer-Verlag.

■ Popper, K. R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson.

■ Putnam, H. (1975). Mind, language and reality: Philosophical papers (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Putnam, H. (1987). The faces of realism. LaSalle, IL: Open Court.

■ Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1981). The imagery debate: Analog media versus tacit knowledge. In N. Block (Ed.), Imagery (pp. 151-206). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1984). Computation and cognition: Towards a foundation for cog nitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Quillian, M. R. (1968). Semantic memory. In M. Minsky (Ed.), Semantic information processing (pp. 216-260). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Quine, W.V.O. (1960). Word and object. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Rabbitt, P.M.A., & S. Dornic (Eds.). Attention and performance (Vol. 5). London: Academic Press.

■ Rawlins, G.J.E. (1997). Slaves of the Machine: The quickening of computer technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.

■ Reid, T. (1970). An inquiry into the human mind on the principles of common sense. In R. Brown (Ed.), Between Hume and Mill: An anthology of British philosophy- 1749- 1843 (pp. 151-178). New York: Random House/Modern Library.

■ Reitman, W. (1970). What does it take to remember? In D. A. Norman (Ed.), Models of human memory (pp. 470-510). London: Academic Press.

■ Ricoeur, P. (1974). Structure and hermeneutics. In D. I. Ihde (Ed.), The conﬂict of interpretations: Essays in hermeneutics (pp. 27-61). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

■ Robinson, D. N. (1986). An intellectual history of psychology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

■ Rorty, R. (1979). Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

■ Rosch, E. (1977). Human categorization. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross cultural psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1-49) London: Academic Press.

■ Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Rosch, E., & B. B. Lloyd (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Rose, S. (1970). The chemistry of life. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

■ Rose, S. (1976). The conscious brain (updated ed.). New York: Random House.

■ Rose, S. (1993). The making of memory: From molecules to mind. New York: Anchor Books. (Originally published in 1992)

■ Roszak, T. (1994). The cult of information: A neo- Luddite treatise on high- tech, artificial intelligence, and the true art of thinking (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.

■ Royce, J. R., & W. W. Rozeboom (Eds.) (1972). The psychology of knowing. New York: Gordon & Breach.

■ Rumelhart, D. E. (1977). Introduction to human information processing. New York: Wiley.

■ Rumelhart, D. E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. Bruce & W. F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Rumelhart, D. E., & J. L. McClelland (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Rumelhart, D. E., P. Smolensky, J. L. McClelland & G. E. Hinton (1986). Schemata and sequential thought processes in PDP models. In J. L. McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing (Vol. 2, pp. 7-57). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Russell, B. (1927). An outline of philosophy. London: G. Allen & Unwin.

■ Russell, B. (1961). History of Western philosophy. London: George Allen & Unwin.

■ Russell, B. (1965). How I write. In Portraits from memory and other essays. London: Allen & Unwin.

■ Russell, B. (1992). In N. Griffin (Ed.), The selected letters of Bertrand Russell (Vol. 1), The private years, 1884- 1914. Boston: Houghton Mifﬂin. Ryecroft, C. (1966). Psychoanalysis observed. London: Constable.

■ Sagan, C. (1978). The dragons of Eden: Speculations on the evolution of human intel ligence. New York: Ballantine Books.

■ Salthouse, T. A. (1992). Expertise as the circumvention of human processing limitations. In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (pp. 172-194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Sanford, A. J. (1987). The mind of man: Models of human understanding. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

■ Sapir, E. (1921). Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.

■ Sapir, E. (1964). Culture, language, and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Originally published in 1941.)

■ Sapir, E. (1985). The status of linguistics as a science. In D. G. Mandelbaum (Ed.), Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture and personality (pp. 160166). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Originally published in 1929).

■ Scardmalia, M., & C. Bereiter (1992). Literate expertise. In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (pp. 172-194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Schafer, R. (1954). Psychoanalytic interpretation in Rorschach testing. New York: Grune & Stratten.

■ Schank, R. C. (1973). Identification of conceptualizations underlying natural language. In R. C. Schank & K. M. Colby (Eds.), Computer models of thought and language (pp. 187-248). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Schank, R. C. (1976). The role of memory in language processing. In C. N. Cofer (Ed.), The structure of human memory. (pp. 162-189) San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Schank, R. C. (1986). Explanation patterns: Understanding mechanically and creatively. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Schank, R. C., & R. P. Abelson (1977). Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ SchroЁdinger, E. (1951). Science and humanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Searle, J. R. (1981a). Minds, brains, and programs. In J. Haugeland (Ed.), Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence (pp. 282-306). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Searle, J. R. (1981b). Minds, brains and programs. In D. Hofstadter & D. Dennett (Eds.), The mind's I (pp. 353-373). New York: Basic Books.

■ Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality. New York: Cambridge University Press.

■ Serres, M. (1982). The origin of language: Biology, information theory, and thermodynamics. M. Anderson (Trans.). In J. V. Harari & D. F. Bell (Eds.), Hermes: Literature, science, philosophy (pp. 71-83). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

■ Simon, H. A. (1966). Scientific discovery and the psychology of problem solving. In R. G. Colodny (Ed.), Mind and cosmos: Essays in contemporary science and philosophy (pp. 22-40). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

■ Simon, H. A. (1979). Models of thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

■ Simon, H. A. (1989). The scientist as a problem solver. In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.), Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert Simon. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Simon, H. A., & C. Kaplan (1989). Foundations of cognitive science. In M. Posner (Ed.), Foundations of cognitive science (pp. 1-47). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Simonton, D. K. (1988). Creativity, leadership and chance. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.

■ Smith, E. E. (1988). Concepts and thought. In J. Sternberg & E. E. Smith (Eds.), The psychology of human thought (pp. 19-49). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Smith, E. E. (1990). Thinking: Introduction. In D. N. Osherson & E. E. Smith (Eds.), Thinking. An invitation to cognitive science. (Vol. 3, pp. 1-2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Socrates. (1958). Meno. In E. H. Warmington & P. O. Rouse (Eds.), Great dialogues of Plato W.H.D. Rouse (Trans.). New York: New American Library. (Original publication date unknown.)

■ Solso, R. L. (1974). Theories of retrieval. In R. L. Solso (Ed.), Theories in cognitive psychology. Potomac, MD: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Spencer, H. (1896). The principles of psychology. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.

■ Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel: Aspects of language and translation. New York: Oxford University Press.

■ Sternberg, R. J. (1977). Intelligence, information processing, and analogical reasoning. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

■ Sternberg, R. J. (1994). Intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg, Thinking and problem solving. San Diego: Academic Press.

■ Sternberg, R. J., & J. E. Davidson (1985). Cognitive development in gifted and talented. In F. D. Horowitz & M. O'Brien (Eds.), The gifted and talented (pp. 103-135). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

■ Storr, A. (1993). The dynamics of creation. New York: Ballantine Books. (Originally published in 1972.)

■ Stumpf, S. E. (1994). Philosophy: History and problems (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

■ Sulloway, F. J. (1996). Born to rebel: Birth order, family dynamics, and creative lives. New York: Random House/Vintage Books.

■ Thorndike, E. L. (1906). Principles of teaching. New York: A. G. Seiler.

■ Thorndike, E. L. (1970). Animal intelligence: Experimental studies. Darien, CT: Hafner Publishing Co. (Originally published in 1911.)

■ Titchener, E. B. (1910). A textbook of psychology. New York: Macmillan.

■ Titchener, E. B. (1914). A primer of psychology. New York: Macmillan.

■ Toulmin, S. (1957). The philosophy of science. London: Hutchinson.

■ Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organisation of memory. London: Academic Press.

■ Turing, A. (1946). In B. E. Carpenter & R. W. Doran (Eds.), ACE reports of 1946 and other papers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Turkle, S. (1984). Computers and the second self: Computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon & Schuster.

■ Tyler, S. A. (1978). The said and the unsaid: Mind, meaning, and culture. New York: Academic Press.

■ van Heijenoort (Ed.) (1967). From Frege to Goedel. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

■ Varela, F. J. (1984). The creative circle: Sketches on the natural history of circularity. In P. Watzlawick (Ed.), The invented reality (pp. 309-324). New York: W. W. Norton.

■ Voltaire (1961). On the Penseґs of M. Pascal. In Philosophical letters (pp. 119-146). E. Dilworth (Trans.). Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

■ Wagman, M. (1991a). Artificial intelligence and human cognition: A theoretical inter comparison of two realms of intellect. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1991b). Cognitive science and concepts of mind: Toward a general theory of human and artificial intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1993). Cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence: Theory and re search in cognitive science. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1995). The sciences of cognition: Theory and research in psychology and artificial intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1996). Human intellect and cognitive science: Toward a general unified theory of intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1997a). Cognitive science and the symbolic operations of human and artificial intelligence: Theory and research into the intellective processes. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1997b). The general unified theory of intelligence: Central conceptions and specific application to domains of cognitive science. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1998a). Cognitive science and the mind- body problem: From philosophy to psychology to artificial intelligence to imaging of the brain. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1998b). Language and thought in humans and computers: Theory and research in psychology, artificial intelligence, and neural science. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1998c). The ultimate objectives of artificial intelligence: Theoretical and research foundations, philosophical and psychological implications. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (1999). The human mind according to artificial intelligence: Theory, re search, and implications. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wagman, M. (2000). Scientific discovery processes in humans and computers: Theory and research in psychology and artificial intelligence. Westport, CT: Praeger.

■ Wall, R. (1972). Introduction to mathematical linguistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

■ Wallas, G. (1926). The Art of Thought. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.

■ Wason, P. (1977). Self contradictions. In P. Johnson-Laird & P. Wason (Eds.), Thinking: Readings in cognitive science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

■ Wason, P. C., & P. N. Johnson-Laird. (1972). Psychology of reasoning: Structure and content. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

■ Watson, J. (1930). Behaviorism. New York: W. W. Norton.

■ Watzlawick, P. (1984). Epilogue. In P. Watzlawick (Ed.), The invented reality. New York: W. W. Norton, 1984.

■ Weinberg, S. (1977). The first three minutes: A modern view of the origin of the uni verse. New York: Basic Books.

■ Weisberg, R. W. (1986). Creativity: Genius and other myths. New York: W. H. Freeman.

■ Weizenbaum, J. (1976). Computer power and human reason: From judgment to cal culation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

■ Wertheimer, M. (1945). Productive thinking. New York: Harper & Bros.

■ Whitehead, A. N. (1925). Science and the modern world. New York: Macmillan.

■ Whorf, B. L. (1956). In J. B. Carroll (Ed.), Language, thought and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Whyte, L. L. (1962). The unconscious before Freud. New York: Anchor Books.

■ Wiener, N. (1954). The human use of human beings. Boston: Houghton Mifﬂin.

■ Wiener, N. (1964). God & Golem, Inc.: A comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Winograd, T. (1972). Understanding natural language. New York: Academic Press.

■ Winston, P. H. (1987). Artificial intelligence: A perspective. In E. L. Grimson & R. S. Patil (Eds.), AI in the 1980s and beyond (pp. 1-12). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

■ Winston, P. H. (Ed.) (1975). The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGrawHill.

■ Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

■ Wittgenstein, L. (1958). The blue and brown books. New York: Harper Colophon.

■ Woods, W. A. (1975). What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks. In D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), Representations and understanding: Studies in cognitive science (pp. 35-84). New York: Academic Press.

■ Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Holt; London: Methuen (1939).

■ Wundt, W. (1904). Principles of physiological psychology (Vol. 1). E. B. Titchener (Trans.). New York: Macmillan.

■ Wundt, W. (1907). Lectures on human and animal psychology. J. E. Creighton & E. B. Titchener (Trans.). New York: Macmillan.

■ Young, J. Z. (1978). Programs of the brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

■ Ziman, J. (1978). Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
7 present

present

cadeau ⇒ 1 (a) présent ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c), 2 (a) actuel ⇒ 2 (b) donner ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c) remettre ⇒ 3 (a) présenter ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c)-(h), 3 (j)

1 noun ['prezənt]

(a) (gift) cadeau m;

∎ to give sb a present faire un cadeau à qn;

∎ we gave her a pony as a present nous lui avons offert un ou fait cadeau d'un poney;

∎ to make sb a present of sth faire cadeau de qch à qn;

∎ it's for a present (in shop) c'est pour offrir

(b) (in time) présent m;

∎ at present actuellement, à présent;

∎ that's all I can tell you at present c'est tout ce que je peux vous dire pour l'instant ou pour le moment;

∎ as things are at present (at this stage) au point où en sont les choses; (nowadays) par les temps qui courent;

∎ up to the present jusqu'à présent, jusqu'à maintenant;

∎ that's enough for the present ça suffit pour le moment ou pour l'instant;

∎ to live only in or for the present vivre pour l'instant présent ou au présent

(c) Grammar présent m;

∎ in the present au présent

(d) Law

∎ by these presents par les présentes

2 adjective ['prezənt]

(a) (in attendance) présent;

∎ to be present at a meeting être présent à ou assister à une réunion;

∎ how many were present? combien de personnes étaient là ou étaient présentes?;

∎ those present were very moved les personnes présentes étaient très émues, l'assistance était très émue;

∎ he cannot be interviewed without a lawyer being present on ne peut pas l'interroger sans la présence d'un avocat;

∎ present company excepted à l'exception des personnes présentes

(b) (current → job, government, price) actuel;

∎ in the present case dans le cas présent;

∎ at the present time actuellement, à l'époque actuelle;

∎ up to the present day jusqu'à présent, jusqu'à aujourd'hui;

∎ the present year l'année f en cours; Finance l'année f courante;

∎ given the present circumstances étant donné les circonstances actuelles, dans l'état actuel des choses;

∎ in the present writer's opinion de l'avis de l'auteur de ces lignes

(c) Grammar au présent

3 transitive verb [prɪ'zent]

(a) (gift) donner, offrir; (prize) remettre, décerner; (medal, diploma) remettre;

∎ to present sth to sb or sb with sth donner ou offrir qch à qn;

∎ they presented him with a clock ils lui ont offert une ou fait cadeau d'une pendule;

∎ he presented his collection to the museum il a fait cadeau de sa collection au musée;

∎ the singer was presented with a bunch of flowers la chanteuse s'est vu offrir ou remettre un bouquet de fleurs;

∎ who is going to present the prizes? qui va procéder à la remise des prix?;

∎ she was presented with first prize on lui a décerné le premier prix;

∎ the project presents us with a formidable challenge le projet constitue pour nous un formidable défi;

∎ he presented us with a fait accompli il nous a mis devant le fait accompli;

∎ they were presented with an empty goalmouth ils se trouvèrent devant un but vide;

∎ this presented her with no option but to agree ceci ne lui a pas laissé d'autre alternative que d'accepter;

∎ figurative to present sb with an easy target offrir une bonne cible à qn;

∎ she presented him with a daughter elle lui a donné une fille

(b) formal (introduce) présenter;

∎ to present sb to sb présenter qn à qn;

∎ allow me to present Mr Jones permettez-moi de vous présenter M. Jones;

∎ to be presented at Court être présenté à la Cour

(c) (put on → play, film) donner; (→ exhibition) présenter, monter

(d) Radio & Television présenter;

∎ the programme was presented by Ian King l'émission était présentée par Ian King

(e) (offer → entertainment) présenter;

∎ we proudly present Donna Stewart nous avons le plaisir ou nous sommes heureux de vous présenter Donna Stewart;

∎ presenting Vanessa Brown in the title role avec Vanessa Brown dans le rôle principal;

∎ the opera company is presenting a varied programme la troupe de l'opéra présente un programme varié

(f) (put forward → apology, view, report) présenter; (→ plan) soumettre; (orally) exposer;

∎ the essay is well presented la dissertation est bien présentée;

∎ I wish to present my complaint in person je tiens à déposer plainte moi-même;

∎ to present a bill in Parliament présenter ou introduire un projet de loi au Parlement;

∎ Law to present a plea introduire une instance

(g) (pose, offer → problem, difficulty) présenter, poser; (→ chance, view) offrir;

∎ the house presented a sorry sight la maison offrait un triste spectacle;

∎ if the opportunity presents itself si l'occasion se présente;

∎ a strange idea presented itself to her une idée étrange lui est venue;

∎ the case presents all the appearances of murder tout semble indiquer qu'il s'agit d'un meurtre;

∎ to present sb/sth in a good/bad light présenter qn/qch sous un jour favorable/défavorable

(h) (show → passport, ticket) présenter;

∎ you must present proof of ownership vous devez présenter un certificat de propriété ou prouver que cela vous appartient;

∎ Military present arms! présentez armes!

(i) (arrive, go)

∎ to present oneself se présenter;

∎ she presented herself at 9 o'clock as instructed elle se présenta, comme convenu, à 9 heures;

∎ to present oneself at or for an examination se présenter à ou pour un examen

(j) Commerce (invoice) présenter;

∎ to present a cheque for payment présenter un chèque à l'encaissement;

∎ to present a bill for acceptance présenter une traite à l'acceptation

(k) Obstetrics

∎ the foetus presented itself normally la présentation (fœtale) était normale

4 intransitive verb [prɪ'zent]

(a) Obstetrics (foetus) se présenter

(b) Medicine (patient) consulter le médecin;

∎ the patient presented with bruises and multiple fractures cette patiente présentait des contusions et des fractures multiples

(c) Medicine (illness, condition) se manifester (as par)

►► Finance present capital capital m appelé;

Grammar present indicative présent m de l'indicatif;

Grammar present participle participe m présent;

Grammar present perfect passé m composé;

∎ in the present perfect au passé composé;

Grammar present subjunctive présent m du subjonctif;

Grammar present tense présent m;

∎ in the present tense au présent;

Accountancy present value valeur f actuelle ou actualisée

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > present
8 envolver

v.

1 to wrap (up).

envuélvamelo para regalo, por favor could you giftwrap it, please?

2 to wind.

3 to envelop, to cover.

la niebla envolvía el valle the valley was deep in mist

4 to wrap up, to wrap, to envelop, to enfold.

Ella envuelve los regalos She wraps up the gifts.

5 to pack, to wrap up, to envelop, to parcel.

Ella envuelve el libro She packs the book.

6 to involve.

El caso envuelve a María The case involves Mary.

7 to embody, to embosom.

El libro envuelve toda la historia The book embodies the whole story.

* * *

envolver

Conjugation model [ MOVER], like link=mover mover (pp envuelto,-a)

► verbo transitivo

1 (con papel) to wrap, wrap up

■ no hace falta que me lo envuelva there's no need to wrap it

2 (con ropa) to wrap, wrap up

■ estaba envuelta en una manta she was wrapped in a blanket

3 (hilo, cinta) to wind

■ envuelva el hilo en la bobina wind the thread onto the bobbin

4 (pasteles etc) to coat, cover

■ galletas envueltas en chocolate chocolate-coated biscuits

5 figurado (rodear) to envelop, shroud

■ la niebla envolvía el campanario the fog enveloped the bell tower

6 figurado (implicar) to involve (en, in), implicate (en, in)

■ lo envolvieron en aquel asunto they involved him in that affair

7 figurado (confundir) to confound

8 MILITAR to surround, encircle

► verbo pronominal envolverse

1 (uso reflexivo) to wrap oneself up (en, in)

2 figurado (implicarse) to become involved (en, in)

* * *

verb

1) to wrap

2) surround

* * *
( pp envuelto)
1. VT

1) (=cubrir) [con papel] to wrap (up); [con ropa] to wrap (up), cover (up)

¿quiere que se lo envuelva? — shall I wrap it (up) for you?

dos paquetes envueltos en papel — two parcels wrapped in paper

llevaba al niño envuelto en una manta — she was carrying the baby wrapped up in a blanket

2) (=rodear) to surround, shroud

una niebla espesa envolvía el castillo — the castle was surrounded o shrouded in thick fog

su muerte está envuelta en misterio — her death is shrouded in mystery

3) (=involucrar) to involve (en in)

lo han envuelto en el tráfico de drogas — they've got him involved in drug trafficking

4) frm (=contener) to contain

sus elogios envuelven una censura — there is criticism contained in his praise

2.

See:

envolverse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) <paquete/regalo> to wrap (up)

¿me lo puede envolver para regalo? — could you gift wrap it?

envolver algo/a alguien en algo — to wrap something/somebody (up) in something

2) ( rodear) membrana/capa to surround; humo/tristeza to envelop

un velo de misterio envuelve el caso — the case is cloaked o shrouded in mystery

3) ( implicar) <crítica/opinión> to imply

4) ( involucrar) to involve

envolver a alguien en algo — to involve somebody in something, get somebody involved in something
2.
envolverse v pron

a) (refl) ( en manta) to wrap oneself (up)

b) (en delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

= wrap, envelop, shroud, wrap up.

Ex. In some cases the real question that needs to be answered may indeed turn out to be, as Winston Churchill once said of Russia, 'a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma'.

Ex. Her eyes swept the room and then enveloped him in an icy glare.

Ex. Often the needs of the disabled are shrouded by misconceptions such as that they are forced to lead a poor quality of life.

Ex. Finally, the type faces were inspected for defects, and the sort was wrapped up in a packet for delivery.

----

* papel de envolver = wrapping paper.

* papel de envolver regalos = gift wrapping paper.

* sin envolver = unwrapped.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) <paquete/regalo> to wrap (up)

¿me lo puede envolver para regalo? — could you gift wrap it?

envolver algo/a alguien en algo — to wrap something/somebody (up) in something

2) ( rodear) membrana/capa to surround; humo/tristeza to envelop

un velo de misterio envuelve el caso — the case is cloaked o shrouded in mystery

3) ( implicar) <crítica/opinión> to imply

4) ( involucrar) to involve

envolver a alguien en algo — to involve somebody in something, get somebody involved in something
2.
envolverse v pron

a) (refl) ( en manta) to wrap oneself (up)

b) (en delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

= wrap, envelop, shroud, wrap up.

Ex: In some cases the real question that needs to be answered may indeed turn out to be, as Winston Churchill once said of Russia, 'a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma'.

Ex: Her eyes swept the room and then enveloped him in an icy glare.

Ex: Often the needs of the disabled are shrouded by misconceptions such as that they are forced to lead a poor quality of life.

Ex: Finally, the type faces were inspected for defects, and the sort was wrapped up in a packet for delivery.

* papel de envolver = wrapping paper.

* papel de envolver regalos = gift wrapping paper.

* sin envolver = unwrapped.

* * *

envolver [ E11 ]

vt

A ‹paquete/regalo› to wrap, wrap up

¿se lo envuelvo? shall I wrap it (up) for you?

¿me lo puede envolver para regalo? could you gift wrap it?

envolver algo/a algn EN algo to wrap sth/sb (up) IN sth

envolvió al niño en una manta she wrapped the child (up) in a blanket

B (rodear) «membrana/capa» to surround; «humo/tristeza» to envelop

la niebla envolvía la ciudad fog enveloped the city, the city was shrouded in fog

un velo de misterio envuelve el caso the case is cloaked o shrouded in mystery

un halo de santidad la envolvía she seemed to be shrouded in o surrounded by an aura of saintliness

C (contener) ‹crítica/opinión› to contain, imply

D (involucrar) to involve envolver a algn EN algo to involve sb IN sth, get sb involved IN sth

■ envolverse

v pron

1 ( refl) (en una manta) to wrap oneself (up)

se envolvió en la manta y se durmió she wrapped herself (up) in the blanket o she wrapped the blanket around herself and fell asleep

2 (en un delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

envolver ( conjugate envolver) verbo transitivo
1 ‹paquete/regalo› to wrap (up);
◊ ¿me lo puede envolver para regalo? could you gift wrap it?;

envolver algo/a algn en algo to wrap sth/sb (up) in sth
2 ( rodear) [membrana/capa] to surround;
[humo/tristeza] to envelop
3 ( involucrar) to involve
envolverse verbo pronominal
a) ( refl) ( en manta) to wrap oneself (up)

b) (en delito, asunto) to become involved

envolver verbo transitivo
1 (con papel) to wrap: envúelvalo para regalo, por favor, gift-wrap it, please
2 (rodear, cubrir) to envelop: la niebla envolvía la ciudad, the town was enveloped in fog
3 (enredar, implicar) to involve
' envolver' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cinta
- liar
- aparte
- implicar
- papel
English:
envelop
- gift-wrap
- muffle up
- parcel up
- shroud
- wrap
- wrap up
- wrapping paper
- bind
- cling
- do
- engulf
- gift
- wrapping

* * *

envolver

♦ vt

1. [embalar] to wrap (up);

envuélvamelo para regalo, por favor could you giftwrap it, please?;

¿quiere que se lo envuelva? would you like it wrapped?;

envolvió el paquete con o [m5] en papel de embalar she wrapped the parcel in brown paper;

envuelve al niño con o [m5] en la manta wrap the child in the blanket

2. [cubrir, rodear] to envelop, to cover;

la niebla envolvía el valle the valley was deep in mist;

la membrana que envuelve al feto the membrane which envelops o covers the foetus;

una sensación de melancolía la envolvía a feeling of melancholy enveloped him

3. [enrollar] to wind;

envolver hilo en un carrete to wind thread onto a spool

4. [involucrar]
envolver a alguien en algo to involve sb in sth

5. [conllevar] to imply;

lo que dijo no envuelve crítica alguna what he said doesn't imply any criticism whatsoever

6. Mil [enemigo] to encircle, to surround

♦ See also the pronominal verb envolverse

* * *

envolver

<part envuelto> v/t

1 wrap (up)

2 ( rodear) surround, envelop

3 ( involucrar) involve;

envolver a alguien en algo involve s.o. in sth

* * *

envolver {89} vt

1) : to wrap

2) : to envelop, to surround

3) : to entangle, to involve

♦ See also the reflexive verb envolverse

* * *

envolver vb to wrap [pt. & pp. wrapped]

envolver para regalo to gift wrap

Spanish-English dictionary > envolver
9 fond

fond [fɔ̃]

1. masculine noun

   a. [de récipient, vallée, jardin] bottom ; [de pièce] back

• être au fond de l'eau to be at the bottom of the river (or lake etc)

• le fond de la gorge the back of the throat

• envoyer un navire par le fond to send a ship to the bottom

• l'épave repose par 10 mètres de fond the wreck is lying 10 metres down

• les grands fonds the ocean depths

• au fond de la boutique at the back of the shop

• sans fond bottomless

• le fond de l'air est frais there's a nip in the air

• toucher le fond (dans l'eau) to touch the bottom ; ( = déprimer) to hit rock bottom

   b. ( = tréfonds) merci du fond du cœur I thank you from the bottom of my heart

• il pensait au fond de lui(-même) que... deep down he thought that...

• je vais vous dire le fond de ma pensée I shall tell you what I really think

• il a un bon fond he's basically a good person

• il y a un fond de vérité dans ce qu'il dit there's an element of truth in what he says

   c. ( = essentiel) [d'affaire, question, débat] heart

• c'est là le fond du problème that's the core of the problem

• aller au fond des choses to do things thoroughly

• débat de fond fundamental discussion

• problème de fond basic problem

• article de fond feature article

   d. ( = contenu) content

• le fond et la forme content and form

• le fond de l'affaire the substance of the case

   e. ( = arrière-plan) background

• fond sonore or musical background music

   f. ( = petite quantité) drop

• il va falloir racler les fonds de tiroirs we'll have to scrape together what we can

   g. (Sport) le fond long-distance running

• de fond [course, coureur] long-distance

   h. [de pantalon] seat

   i. (locutions) de fond en comble [fouiller] from top to bottom ; [détruire] completely

► au fond, dans le fond ( = en fait) basically

► à fond [visser] tightly ; [étudier] thoroughly

• respirer à fond to breathe deeply

• à fond la caisse (inf) at top speed

• à fond de train at top speed

2. compounds

► fond d'artichaut artichoke heart

► fond de court

• joueur de fond de court baseline player ► fond d'écran (Computing) wallpaper

► les fonds marins the sea bed

► fond de tarte ( = pâte) pastry base ; ( = crème) custard base

► fond de teint foundation (cream)

* * *
fɔ̃
1.

nom masculin

1) ( partie inférieure) bottom

au fond du verre — in the bottom of the glass

au fond du tiroir — at the bottom of the drawer

vider les fonds de bouteilles — to empty out all the old bottles

toucher le fond — ( dans l'eau) to touch the bottom; fig to hit rock bottom

descendre au fond d'un puits — to go down a well

2) ( paroi) ( horizontale) bottom; ( verticale) back

le fond du placard — the back of the cupboard

valise à double fond — suitcase with a false bottom

fond de la mer — seabed

fond de l'océan — ocean floor

3) ( partie reculée) (de cour, magasin) back; (de couloir, pièce) far end

au fond de l'armoire — in the back of the wardrobe

la chambre du fond — the back bedroom

au fond des bois — deep in the woods

avancer dans le fond — ( dans un bus) to move up the bus

de fond en comble — from top to bottom

4) ( essence)

quel est le fond du problème? — what is the problem exactly?

les problèmes de fond — the basic problems

aller au fond des choses — to get to the bottom of things

un débat de fond — an in-depth debate

au fond or dans le fond, le problème est simple — the problem is simple, in fact

dans le fond, tu as raison — you're right, really

5) ( de texte) content

le fond et la forme — form and content

6) ( intérieur)

regarder quelqu'un au fond des yeux — ( avec amour) to look deep into somebody's eyes; ( avec suspicion) to give somebody a searching look

du fond du cœur — from the bottom of my heart

elle a un bon fond — she's very good at heart

il a un mauvais fond — he's got a nasty streak

7) ( arrière-plan) background

sur fond noir — on a black background

fond musical — background music

8) ( petite quantité)

un fond de porto — a drop of port

laisser un fond de bouteille — to leave a drop in the bottle

9) ( hauteur d'eau)

il n'y a pas assez de fond — the water is not deep enough

il y a 20 mètres de fond — the water is 20 metres [BrE] deep

l'épave gisait par 30 mètres de fond — the wreck lay 30 metres [BrE] down

10) Sport

épreuve de fond — long-distance event

11) ( de pantalon) seat

2.

à fond locution adverbiale

1) ( complètement)

connaître son domaine à fond — to be an expert in one's field

s'engager à fond — to commit oneself totally

soutenir quelqu'un/quelque chose à fond, être à fond (colloq) pour quelqu'un/quelque chose — to support somebody/something wholeheartedly

nettoyer quelque chose à fond — to give something a thorough cleaning

respirer à fond — to breathe deeply

mettre la radio à fond — to turn the radio right up

2) (colloq) ( vite)

rouler à fond — to drive at top speed

il est arrivé à fond — he came rushing in

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- fond d'artichaut

- fond de tarte

- fond de teint

- fonds marins

••

user ses fonds de culotte sur le même banc — fig to be at school together

* * *
fɔ̃ nm
See:

fonds

1) [récipient, trou] bottom

Mon porte-monnaie est au fond de mon sac. — My purse is at the bottom of my bag.

au fond de — at the bottom of

de fond en comble — from top to bottom

envoyer par le fond NAVIGATION (= couler) — to send to the bottom

être envoyé par le fond — to be sent to the bottom

sans fond — bottomless

2) [salle, scène, cour] back

au fond de — at the back of

Il est assis au fond de la classe. — He sits at the back of the class.

Les toilettes sont au fond du couloir. — The toilets are at the end of the corridor.

3) fig

aller au fond des choses — to get to the bottom of things

Il m'a dit le fond de sa pensée. — He told me what he really thinks.

le fond de l'air; Le fond de l'air est frais. — It's quite chilly out of the sun.

4) [tableau, décor] background

5) (opposé à la forme) content

6) (= petite quantité)

Il ne lui restait qu'un fond de vin rouge. — He only had a drop of red wine left in his glass.

7) SPORT

le fond — long distance running

course de fond; épreuve de fond — long-distance race

8) (autres locutions)

à fond adv [connaître] — thoroughly, [soutenir] entirely, [appuyer, visser] right down

à fond (de train) adv * — full tilt

dans le fond; au fond adv (= en somme) — all things considered

Dans le fond, ce n'est pas si grave. — All things considered, it's not really that bad.

* * *

fond

A nm

1 ( partie inférieure) bottom; dans le or au fond du verre/de mon sac in the bottom of the glass/of my bag; au fond du tiroir/de la vallée/de la mer at the bottom of the drawer/of the valley/of the sea; tout au fond du canal at the very bottom of the canal; puits sans fond fig bottomless pit; vider les fonds de bouteilles to empty out all the old bottles; faire les fonds de poubelles to go through the rubbish GB ou garbage US; toucher le fond ( dans l'eau) to touch the bottom; fig to hit rock bottom; envoyer un navire par le fond to sink a ship; descendre au fond d'un puits/de la mine to go down a well/the mine; travailler au fond [mineur] to work down the mine; avoir dix ans de fond [mineur] to have spent ten years down the mine; ⇒ tiroir;

2 Géog, Tech ( paroi) ( horizontale) bottom; ( verticale) back; le fond de la casserole est en cuivre the bottom of the saucepan is copper; le fond du placard se démonte the back of the cupboard comes out; valise à double fond suitcase with a false bottom; fond de la mer seabed; fond de l'océan ocean floor; ⇒ grand;

3 ( partie reculée) (de cour, magasin) back; (de couloir, pièce) far end; au fond de l'armoire in the back of the wardrobe; être assis tout au fond to be sitting right at the back; la chambre/l'étagère du fond the back bedroom/shelf; au fond des bois deep in the woods; j'ai une arête coincée au fond de la gorge there's a fishbone stuck in my throat; avancer dans le fond ( dans un bus) to move up the bus; de fond en comble [fouiller, nettoyer, refaire] from top to bottom;

4 ( essence) quel est le fond de ta pensée? what do you really think?; quel est le fond du problème? what is the problem exactly?; poser des questions de fond to ask some fundamental questions; faire des critiques de fond sur qch to find fundamental flaws in sth; les problèmes de fond sont résolus the basic problems have been solved; aller au fond des choses to get to the bottom of things; atteindre or toucher le fond du désespoir to be in the depths of despair; un fond de vérité an element of truth; un débat de fond an in-depth debate; au fond or dans le fond, le problème est simple the problem is simple, in fact; dans le fond, tu as raison you're right, really;

5 Littérat ( contenu) content; le fond et la forme form and content; être d'accord sur le fond to agree on the content;

6 ( intérieur) regarder qn au fond des yeux ( avec amour) to look deep into sb's eyes; ( avec suspicion) to give sb a searching look; je vous remercie du fond du cœur thank you from the bottom of my heart; au fond de son cœur or d'elle-même, elle le sait deep down she knows it; tout au fond de lui-même il regrette ses actes deep in his heart he regrets what he did; elle a un bon fond she's very good at heart; il a un mauvais fond he's got a nasty streak;

7 ( arrière-plan) background; sur fond noir on a black background; sur fond de soleil couchant with a sunset in the background; sur fond de récession against a background of recession; fond musical background music; sur fond de musique with music playing in the background;

8 ( petite quantité) donne-moi juste un fond de porto give me just a drop of port; laisser un fond de verre/de bouteille to leave a drop in one's glass/the bottle;

9 Naut ( hauteur d'eau) il n'y a pas assez de fond pour plonger/mouiller the water is not deep enough to dive/anchor; il y a vingt mètres de fond the water is twenty metres^GB deep; l'épave gisait par trente mètres de fond the wreck lay thirty metres^GB down;

10 Sport épreuve de fond long-distance event;

11 Cout ( de pantalon) seat.

B à fond loc adv

1 ( complètement) connaître son domaine à fond [spécialiste] to be an expert in one's field; s'engager à fond to commit oneself totally; soutenir qn/qch à fond, être à fond pour○ qn/qch to support sb/sth wholeheartedly; nettoyer la maison à fond to give the house a thorough cleaning; respirer à fond to breathe deeply; mettre la radio/le chauffage à fond to turn the radio/the heating right up;

2 ○( vite) rouler à fond to drive at top speed; il est arrivé à fond he came rushing in.

Composés

fond d'artichaut Culin artichoke bottom; fond blanc Culin white stock; fond brun Culin brown stock; fond d'œil Anat back of the eye, fundus of the eye spéc; Méd ( examen) ophthalmoscopic examination; fond de robe Mode slip; fond de tarte Culin pastry case; fond de teint Cosmét foundation GB, make-up base US; fonds marins Géog depths of the sea.

Idiome

user ses fonds de culotte sur le même banc fig to be at school together.

[fɔ̃] nom masculin

1. [d'un récipient] bottom

[d'un placard] back

[extrémité] bottom, far end

[de la gorge] back

[d'une pièce] far end, back

[d'un jardin] far end, bottom

sans fond bottomless

au fin fond du désert in the middle of the desert

il y a cinq mètres de fond [de profondeur] the water is five metres deep ou in depth

aller par le fond to sink

couler par 100 m de fond to sink to a depth of 100 m

fond de culotte ou de pantalon seat (of one's pants)

le fond d'œil MÉDECINE the back of the eye

faire un examen du fond d'œil MÉDECINE to have an ophthalmoscopy

les grands fonds marins the depths of the ocean

à fond de cale at rock bottom

gratter ou vider ou racler les fonds de tiroir (familier & figuré) to scrape around (for money, food etc.)

2. (figuré) depths

toucher le fond (du désespoir) to reach the depths of despair

il connaît le fond de mon cœur/âme he knows what's in my heart/soul

je vous remercie du fond du cœur I thank you from the bottom of my heart

3. [cœur, substance] heart, core, nub

puis-je te dire le fond de ma pensée? can I tell you what I really think?

le fond et la forme LITTÉRATURE substance and form

sur le fond, vous avez raison you're basically right

4. [tempérament]

il a un bon fond he's basically a good ou kind person

elle n'a pas vraiment un mauvais fond she's not really a bad person

5. [arrière-plan] background

il y a un fond de vérité dans ce que vous dites there's some truth in what you're saying

fond sonore background music

le fond de l'air est frais there's a chill ou nip in the air

6. [reste] drop

il reste un fond de café there's a drop of coffee left

boire ou vider les fonds de bouteilles to drink up the dregs

le fond du panier the leftovers

7. CUISINE

fond de sauce/soupe basis for a sauce/soup

fond d'artichaut artichoke heart

fond de tarte pastry case

8. MINES

travailler au fond to work at the coal face

descendre au fond de la mine to go down the pit

les mineurs de fond the men in the pits

————————

à fond locution adverbiale

in depth

respirer à fond to breathe deeply

faire le ménage à fond dans la maison (familier) to clean the house thoroughly, to spring-clean

se donner à fond to give one's all

se donner à fond dans ou à quelque chose to throw oneself completely into something

à fond de train locution adverbiale

(at) full tilt

————————

à fond la caisse locution adverbiale,

à fond les manettes locution adverbiale

(familier) → link=àà fond de train

————————

au fond locution adverbiale

basically

au fond, c'est mieux comme ça it's better that way, really

au fond, on pourrait y aller en janvier in fact, we could go in January

————————

au fond de locution prépositionnelle

au fond de soi-même deep down

c'est au fond du couloir/de la salle it's at the (far) end of the corridor/of the hall

au fond de la rivière at the bottom of the river

regarder quelqu'un au fond des yeux to look deeply into somebody's eyes

dans le fond

→ link=auau fond

————————

de fond locution adjectivale

1. SPORT [épreuve, coureur, course] long-distance (avant nom)

ski de fond cross-country skiing

2. [analyse, remarque, texte] basic, fundamental

de fond en comble locution adverbiale

[nettoyer, fouiller] from top to bottom

revoir un texte de fond en comble (figuré) to revise a text thoroughly

fond de robe nom masculin

slip

fond de teint nom masculin

(make-up) foundation

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > fond
10 file

file [faɪl]

chemise ⇒ 1 (a) classeur ⇒ 1 (a) dossier ⇒ 1 (b) fichier ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c) file ⇒ 1 (d) lime ⇒ 1 (e) classer ⇒ 2 (a) intenter ⇒ 2 (b) limer ⇒ 2 (d) faire du classement ⇒ 3 (a) entrer/sortir/etc à la file ⇒ 3 (b)

1 noun

(a) (folder) chemise f; (box) classeur m;

∎ accordion file classeur m accordéon

(b) (dossier, documents) dossier m; (series or system of files) fichier m;

∎ the file on James Brown, the James Brown file le dossier James Brown;

∎ this file belongs in the customer file ce dossier va dans le fichier clients;

∎ to have/to keep sth on file avoir/garder qch dans ses dossiers;

∎ it's on file c'est dans les dossiers, c'est classé;

∎ we have placed your CV on file or in our files nous avons classé votre CV dans nos dossiers;

∎ these papers are for the file ces papiers sont à mettre dans les dossiers ou sont à classer;

∎ to have/to keep a file on avoir/garder un dossier sur;

∎ to open/to close a file on ouvrir/fermer un dossier sur;

∎ the police have closed their file on the case la police a classé l'affaire;

∎ he's been on our file or files for a long time cela fait longtemps qu'il est dans nos dossiers

(c) Computing fichier m;

∎ data on file données fpl sur fichier;

∎ data file fichier m de données

(d) (row, line) file f;

∎ in single or Indian file en ou à la file indienne

(e) (for metal, fingernails) lime f

2 transitive verb

(a) (documents, information) classer;

∎ it's filed under B c'est classé à la lettre B;

∎ it's filed under "invoices" c'est classé dans le dossier "factures"

(b) Law

∎ to file a suit against sb intenter un procès à qn;

∎ to file a complaint (with the police/the manager) déposer une plainte (au commissariat/auprès du directeur);

∎ to file a claim déposer une demande;

∎ to file a claim for damages intenter un procès en dommages-intérêts;

∎ to file a petition in bankruptcy déposer son bilan;

∎ American to file one's tax return remplir sa déclaration d'impôts

(c) Journalism

∎ to file a story boucler un sujet;

∎ to file copy rapporter une copie

(d) (metal) limer;

∎ to file one's fingernails se limer les ongles;

∎ to file through sth limer qch

3 intransitive verb

(a) (classify documents, information) faire du classement

(b) (walk one behind the other)

∎ they filed up the hill ils ont monté la colline en file (indienne) ou les uns derrière les autres;

∎ the troops filed under the bridge les soldats sont passés sous le pont en file indienne ou à la file;

∎ the troops filed past the general les troupes ont défilé devant le général;

∎ the crowd filed slowly past the coffin la foule a défilé lentement devant le cercueil;

∎ to file into a room entrer dans une pièce à la ou en file;

∎ to file out of a room sortir d'une pièce à la ou en file;

∎ they all filed in/out ils sont tous entrés/sortis à la file

►► American file cabinet classeur m;

file card fiche f (de classeur);

American file clerk documentaliste mf;

Computing file compression compression f de fichiers;

Computing file conversion conversion f de fichiers;

file copy copie f à classer;

file divider carte-guide f;

Computing file extension extension f du nom de fichier;

American Television file footage images fpl d'archive;

Computing file format format m de fichier;

Computing file management gestion f ou tenue f des fichiers;

Computing file management system système m de gestion de fichiers;

Computing file manager gestionnaire m des fichiers;

Computing file name nom m de fichier;

Computing file name extension extension f du nom de fichier;

file number (of document in file) cote f;

Computing file protection protection f de fichiers;

file separator carte-guide f;

Computing file server serveur m de fichiers;

Computing file sharing partage m de fichiers;

Computing file structure structure f de fichiers;

Computing file transfer transfert m de fichiers;

Computing file transfer protocol protocole m de transfert de fichiers;

file trolley bac m roulant;

Computing file viewer visualiseur m

➲ file away separable transitive verb

(a) (documents) classer

(b) (rough edges) polir à la lime; (excess material) enlever à la lime

➲ file down separable transitive verb

(a) (remove by filing → rough edge) enlever à la lime, limer

(b) (smooth by filing → metal, nails, surface) polir à la lime, limer; (→ horseshoe) raboter

➲ file for inseparable transitive verb

∎ to file for divorce demander le divorce

➲ file off separable transitive verb

(remove by filing → rough edge) enlever à la lime, limer

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > file
11 Halten

n; -s, kein Pl.: zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop); Halten verboten! no stopping; da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc. (back)

* * *

das Halten

(Besitzen) keeping;

(Festhalten) holding

* * *
hạl|ten ['haltn] pret hielt [hiːlt] ptp geha\#lten [gə'haltn]
1. TRANSITIVES VERB

1) = festhalten to hold

jdm etw halten — to hold sth for sb

jdm den Mantel halten — to hold sb's coat (for him/her)

kannst du mir bitte die Leiter halten? — could you please hold the ladder for me?

den Kopf/Bauch halten — to hold one's head/stomach

2)

= in eine bestimmte Position bringen etw gegen das Licht halten — to hold sth up to the light

den Arm in die Höhe halten — to hold one's arm up

einen Fuß/einen Zeh ins Wasser halten — to put a foot/a toe in the water

3)

= tragen die drei Pfeiler halten die Brücke — the three piers support the bridge

meinst du, der kleine Nagel hält das schwere Ölbild? — do you think this small nail will take the weight of the heavy oil painting?

nur zwei morsche Bretter hielten den Balkon noch — there were only two rotten boards holding the balcony up

zwei Schlaufen halten den Vorhang an der Seite — two loops hold back the curtain

4) = zurückhalten, aufhalten to hold; (SPORT) to save

die Wärme/Feuchtigkeit halten — to retain heat/moisture

er kann den Urin or das Wasser nicht halten — he's incontinent

einen Elfmeter or Strafstoß halten — to save a penalty

das ist ein toller Torwart, der hält jeden Ball! — he's a great goalkeeper, he makes great saves!

ich konnte ihn/es gerade noch halten — I just managed to grab hold of him/it

haltet den Dieb! — stop thief!

sie ist nicht zu halten (fig) — there's no holding her back

es hält mich hier nichts mehr — there's nothing to keep me here any more

es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

5) = behalten Festung, Rekord to hold; Position to hold (on to)

den Schnabel or Mund halten (inf) — to keep one's mouth shut (inf)

6) = unterhalten, besitzen Chauffeur, Lehrer to employ; Haustier to keep; Auto to run

eine Geliebte halten — to keep a mistress

eine Perserkatze/einen Hausfreund halten — to have a Persian cat/a live-in lover

wir können uns kein Auto halten —

(sich dat) eine Zeitung/Zeitschrift halten — to get a paper/magazine

7) = einhalten, erfüllen to keep

ein Versprechen halten — to keep a promise

man muss halten, was man verspricht — a promise is a promise

der Film hält nicht, was er/der Titel verspricht — the film doesn't live up to expectations/its title

8) = beibehalten, aufrechterhalten Niveau to keep up, to maintain; Tempo, Disziplin, Temperatur to maintain; Kurs to keep to, to hold

Ruhe halten — to keep quiet

die Balance or das Gleichgewicht halten — to keep one's balance

den Ton halten — to stay in tune or in key

die These lässt sich nicht länger halten or ist nicht länger zu halten — this hypothesis is no longer tenable

Kontakt halten — to keep in touch

(mit jdm) Verbindung halten — to keep in touch( with sb)

Abstand halten! — keep your distance!

etw sauber halten — to keep sth clean

das Essen warm halten — to keep the food warm

viel Sport hält jung/schlank — doing a lot of sport keeps you young/slim

er hält sein Haus immer tadellos — he keeps his house immaculate

halten Sie die Erklärungen einfach — keep the explanations simple

wenn es neblig ist, sollten Sie den Abstand immer so groß wie möglich halten — if it's foggy you should always stay as far as possible from the car in front

ein Land besetzt halten — to keep a country under occupation

9) = behandeln to treat

die Gefangenen werden in diesen Gefängnissen wie Tiere gehalten — the prisoners are treated like animals in these prisons

er hält seine Kinder sehr streng — he's very strict with his children

10)

= handhaben, verfahren mit das kannst du (so) halten, wie du willst — that's entirely up to you

wie halten Sie es mit Ihrer Steuererklärung? — how do you deal with your tax return?

wie hältst dus mit der Religion? — what's your attitude toward(s) religion?

wir halten es mit den Abrechnungen anders — we deal with invoices in a different way

er hält es nicht so sehr mit der Sauberkeit — he's not over-concerned about cleanliness

es mehr or lieber mit jdm/etw halten — to prefer sb/sth

11)

= gestalten ein in Brauntönen gehaltener Raum — a room done in different shades of brown

sie beschloss das Zimmer in Grün zu halten — she decided to do the room in green

das Kleid ist in dunklen Tönen gehalten — it is a dark-coloured (Brit) or dark-colored (US) dress

das Mobiliar ist in einem hellen Holz gehalten — the furniture is made of a light wood

12) = veranstalten, abhalten Fest, Pressekonferenz to give; Rede to make; Gottesdienst, Zwiesprache to hold; Wache to keep

Selbstgespräche halten — to talk to oneself

Unterricht halten — to teach

Mittagsschlaf halten — to have an afternoon nap

Winterschlaf halten — to hibernate

13) = einschätzen, denkendiams; jdn/etw für etw halten to think sb/sth sth

ich habe das Bild für ein Original gehalten — I thought the picture was an original

etw für angebracht/schön halten — to think or consider sth appropriate/beautiful

jdn für ehrlich halten — to think or consider sb honest

ich habe ihn ( irrtümlich) für seinen Bruder gehalten — I (mis)took him for his brother

wofür halten Sie mich? — what do you take me for?

das halte ich nicht für möglich — I don't think that is possible

ich halte es für Unsinn, alles noch einmal abzuschreiben — I think it's silly to copy everything out againdiams; etw von jdm/etw halten to think sth of sb/sth

nicht viel von jdm/etw halten — not to think much of sb/sth

nicht viel vom Beten/Sparen halten — not to be a great one for praying/saving (inf)

ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun — I'm not in favour (Brit) or favor (US) of (doing) thatdiams; etwas/viel auf etw (acc) halten to consider sth important/very important

er hält etwas auf gute Manieren — he considers good manners important

der Chef hält viel auf Pünktlichkeit — the boss attaches a lot of importance to punctuality

14)

See:

→ gehalten

2. INTRANSITIVES VERB

1) = festhalten to hold; (= haften bleiben) to stick; (SPORT) to make a save

kannst du mal einen Moment halten? — can you just hold that (for) a moment?

unser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig gehalten — our goalkeeper made some good saves again today

kann der denn ( gut) halten? — is he a good goalkeeper?

2) = bestehen bleiben, haltbar sein to last; (Konserven) to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Frisur, COMM Preise) to hold; (Stoff) to be hard-wearing

der Waffenstillstand hält nun schon drei Wochen — the truce has now held for three weeks

Rosen halten länger, wenn man ein Aspirin ins Wasser tut — roses last longer if you put an aspirin in the water

dieser Stoff hält lange — this material is hard-wearing

3) = stehen bleiben, anhalten to stop

zum Halten bringen — to bring to a standstill

halten lassen (Mil) — to call a halt

halt mal, stop! (hum) — hang on (inf) or hold on a minute!

4) andere Redewendungendiams; auf etw (acc) halten (= zielen) to aim at sth; (= steuern) to head for sth; (= Wert legen auf) to attach importance to sth

sehr auf etw halten — to attach great importance to sth

ich musste an mich halten, um nicht in schallendes Gelächter auszubrechen — I had to control myself so as not to burst into fits of laughter

3. REFLEXIVES VERB

1) diams; sich halten= sich festhalten to hold on (
an +dat to)
er konnte sich gerade noch an dem Griff halten, als der Zug mit einem scharfen Ruck anfuhr — he just managed to grab hold of the strap when the train suddenly jolted forward

sie konnte sich auf dem glatten Abhang nicht halten — she couldn't keep her footing on the slippery slope

er konnte sich auf dem wilden Mustang nur drei Sekunden halten — he could only stay on the wild mustang three seconds

2) = eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben to carry or hold oneself

er hält sich sehr aufrecht — he holds or carries himself very erect

sich ( im Gleichgewicht) halten — to keep one's balance

sich auf den Beinen halten — to stay on one's feet

sich ( nach) links halten — to keep (to the) left

sich nach Westen halten — to keep going westwards

der Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts — the driver kept to the right

ich halte mich an die alte Methode — I'll stick to or with the old method

sich an ein Versprechen halten — to keep a promise

sich an die Tatsachen/den Text halten — to keep or stick to the facts/text

3) = sich nicht verändern Lebensmittel, Blumen to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Geruch, Rauch) to linger; (Preise) to hold; (Brauch, Sitte) to continue

der Geruch von Knoblauch hält sich ewig — the smell of garlic lingers for ages (inf)

4) = seine Position behaupten to hold on; (in Kampf) to hold out

er hat sich in der Spitzenposition gehalten — he held on to the lead

er hat sich im erbarmungslosen Wettbewerb prächtig gehalten — he held on amazingly in the cut-throat competition

das Geschäft kann sich in dieser Straße nicht halten — the shop can't continue to stay open in this streetdiams; sich gut halten (in Prüfung, Spiel etc) to do well

er hat sich ziemlich gut gehalten (körperlich) — he is quite well-preserved

sie hat sich in der schweren Prüfung unerwartet gut gehalten — she did unexpectedly well in the difficult exam

5) = sich beherrschen to control oneself

sich nicht halten können — to be unable to control oneself

6)

andere Wendungendiams; sich halten an (+acc) ich halte mich lieber an den Wein — I'd rather keep or stick to wine

er hält sich für einen Spezialisten/für besonders klug — he thinks he's a specialist/very clever

* * *

1) (to (cause to) stop walking, marching, running etc: The driver halted the train; The train halted at the signals.) halt

2) (to give: He delivered a long speech.) deliver

3) ((of a car etc) to stop: We drew up outside their house.) draw up

4) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) hold

5) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) hold

6) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) hold

7) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) hold

8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) hold

9) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) keep

10) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) keep

11) (to stand up to use: This material doesn't wear very well.) wear

12) (having the body in a state of tension and readiness to act: The animal was poised ready to leap.) poised

13) (to suppose or think (that something is the case): Do you take me for an idiot?) take

* * *

hal·ten

[ˈhaltn̩]

I. TRANSITIVES VERB

1.

<hielt, gehalten>

(festhalten)

▪ [jdm] jdn/etw \halten to hold sb/sth [for sb]

du musst das Seil ganz fest \halten you must keep a tight grip on the rope

hältst du bitte kurz meine Tasche? would you please hold my bag for a moment?

jdn/etw im Arm \halten to hold sb/sth in one's arms

jdn an [o bei] der Hand \halten to hold sb's hand [or sb by the hand]

jdm den Mantel \halten to hold sb's coat [for him/her]

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(aufhalten)

▪ jdn \halten to stop sb

haltet den Dieb! stop the thief!

es hält dich niemand nobody's stopping you

wenn sie etwas von Sahnetorte hört, ist sie nicht mehr zu \halten if she hears cream gateau mentioned there's no holding her!

3.

<hielt, gehalten>

(zurückhalten)

▪ jdn \halten to keep sb

warum bleibst du noch bei dieser Firma, was hält dich noch da? why do you stay with the firm, what's keeping you there?

mich hält hier nichts [mehr] there's nothing to keep me here [any more]

4.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in eine bestimmte Position bringen)

▪ etw irgendwohin/irgendwie \halten to put sth somewhere/in a certain position

er hielt die Hand in die Höhe he put his hand up

die Hand vor den Mund \halten to put one's hand in front of one's mouth

etw gegen das Licht \halten to hold sth up to the light

die Hand ins Wasser \halten to put one's hand into the water

5.

<hielt, gehalten>

(befestigen)

▪ etw \halten to hold sth

nur wenige Pfeiler \halten die alte Brücke just a few pillars support the old bridge

ihre Haare wurden von einer Schleife nach hinten ge\halten her hair was held back by a ribbon

das Regal wird von zwei Haken ge\halten the shelf is held up by two hooks

6.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in sich behalten)

▪ etw \halten to hold sth

ich konnte die Tränen nicht \halten I couldn't hold back my tears

das Ventil konnte den Überdruck nicht mehr \halten the valve could no longer contain the excess pressure

er konnte das Wasser nicht mehr \halten he couldn't hold his water

Wärme/Feuchtigkeit \halten to retain heat/moisture

7.

<hielt, gehalten>

SPORT

einen Ball \halten to stop a ball

der Tormann konnte den Ball nicht \halten the goalkeeper couldn't stop the ball

einen Elfmeter \halten to save a penalty

8.

<hielt, gehalten>

(beschäftigen)

▪ sich dat jdn \halten to employ [or have] sb

sich dat eine Putzfrau \halten to have a woman to come in and clean

sie hält sich einen Chauffeur she employs a chauffeur; (fig)

er hält sich eine Geliebte he has a mistress

9.

<hielt, gehalten>

(besitzen)

▪ [sich dat] etw \halten to keep sth

er hält sich ein Privatflugzeug, eine Segeljacht und ein Rennpferd he keeps a private aircraft, a yacht and a racehorse

ein Auto \halten to run a car

wir können uns kein Auto \halten we can't afford a car

Hühner/einen Hund \halten to keep chickens/a dog

10.

<hielt, gehalten>

(geh: abonniert haben)

eine Zeitung \halten to take a paper form

11.

<hielt, gehalten>

(behandeln)

▪ jdn irgendwie \halten to treat sb in a certain way

er hält seine Kinder sehr streng he is very strict with his children

12.

<hielt, gehalten>

(beibehalten, aufrechterhalten)

▪ etw \halten to keep sth

die Balance [o das Gleichgewicht] \halten to keep one's balance

Frieden \halten to keep the peace

die Geschwindigkeit \halten to keep up speed

mit jdm Kontakt \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb

den Kurs \halten to stay on course

Ordnung \halten to keep order

eine Position nicht \halten können to not be able to hold a position

einen Rekord \halten to hold a record

Ruhe \halten to keep quiet

den Takt \halten to keep time

die Temperatur \halten to maintain the temperature

den Ton \halten to stay in tune

zu jdm die Verbindung \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb

diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht \halten this statement is not tenable

hoffentlich kann ich den Weltrekord noch \halten hopefully I can still hold on to the world record

13.

<hielt, gehalten>

MIL (erfolgreich verteidigen)

▪ etw \halten to hold sth

die Verteidiger hielten ihre Stellungen weiterhin the defenders continued to hold their positions

eine Festung \halten to hold a fortress

14.

<hielt, gehalten>

(nicht aufgeben)

ein Geschäft \halten to keep a business going

15.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in einem Zustand erhalten)

▪ etw irgendwie \halten to keep sth in a certain condition

die Fußböden hält sie immer peinlich sauber she always keeps the floors scrupulously clean

den Abstand gleich \halten to keep the distance the same

jdn in Atem/in Bewegung/bei Laune \halten to keep sb in suspense/on the go/happy

für jdn das Essen warm \halten to keep sb's meal hot

die Getränke kalt \halten to keep the drinks chilled

jdn jung/fit \halten to keep sb young/fit

16.

<hielt, gehalten>

(gestalten)

▪ etw in etw dat \halten to do sth in sth

▪ etw ist in etw dat ge \halten sth is done in sth

das Haus war innen und außen ganz in Weiß ge\halten the house was completely white inside and out

das Wohnzimmer ist in Blau ge\halten the living room is decorated in blue

ihr Schlafzimmer ist in ganz in Kirschbaum ge\halten her bedroom is furnished entirely in cherrywood

die Rede war sehr allgemein ge\halten the speech was very general

einen Brief kurz \halten to keep a letter short

etw schlicht \halten to keep sth simple

17.

<hielt, gehalten>

(abhalten)

▪ etw \halten to give sth

er hielt eine kurze Rede he made a short speech

Diät \halten to keep to a diet

einen Gottesdienst \halten to hold a service

seinen Mittagsschlaf \halten to have an afternoon nap

eine Rede \halten to give [or make] a speech

ein Referat \halten to give [or present] a paper

Selbstgespräche \halten to talk to oneself

eine Unterrichtsstunde \halten to give a lesson

Unterricht \halten to teach

einen Vortrag \halten to give a talk

seinen Winterschlaf \halten to hibernate

Zwiesprache \halten mit jdm/etw (geh) to commune with sb form; s.a. Gericht

18.

<hielt, gehalten>

(einhalten, erfüllen)

▪ etw \halten to keep sth

der Film hält nicht, was der Titel verspricht the film doesn't live up to its title

man muss \halten, was man verspricht a promise is a promise

sein Wort/Versprechen \halten to keep one's word/a promise

19.

<hielt, gehalten>

(einschätzen)

▪ jdn/etw für jdn/etw \halten to take sb/sth for [or to be] sb/sth

ich habe ihn für seinen Bruder ge\halten I mistook him for his brother

das halte ich nicht für möglich I don't think that is possible

wofür \halten Sie mich? what do you take me for?

jdn für ehrlich/reich \halten to think sb is [or consider sb to be] honest/rich

20.

<hielt, gehalten>

(denken über)

▪ etw von jdm/etw \halten to think sth of sb/sth

ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun I don't think much of doing that

er hält nichts vom Beten/Sparen he's not a great one for praying/saving fam

ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht I think it best/possible/my duty

nichts/viel/wenig von jdm/etw \halten to think nothing/a lot/not think much of sb/sth

21.

<hielt, gehalten>

(wertschätzen)

etwas/viel auf jdn \halten to think quite a bit/a lot of sb

wenn man etwas auf sich hält... if you think you're somebody...; s.a. Stück

22.

▶ den Mund [o (fam) Schnabel] \halten to keep one's mouth shut, to hold one's tongue

II. INTRANSITIVES VERB

1. (festhalten) to hold

kannst du mal einen Moment \halten? can you hold that for a second?

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(haltbar sein) to keep

wie lange hält der Fisch noch? how much longer will the fish keep?

die Schuhe sollten noch bis nächstes Jahr \halten these shoes should last till next year

3.

<hielt, gehalten>

(dauerhaft sein) to hold

der das Seil hält nicht mehr länger the rope won't hold much longer

die Tapete hält nicht the wallpaper won't stay on

diese Freundschaft hält schon lange this friendship has been lasting long

die Tür wird jetzt \halten now the door will hold

das Regal hält nicht an der Wand the shelf keeps falling off the wall

4.

<hielt, gehalten>

(stehen bleiben, anhalten) to stop

\halten Sie bitte an der Ecke! stop at the corner, please

etw zum H\halten bringen to bring sth to a stop [or standstill]

ein \haltendes Fahrzeug a stationary vehicle

5.

<hielt, gehalten>

SPORT to make a save

unser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig ge\halten our goalkeeper made some great saves today

kann Peters denn gut \halten? is Peters a good goalkeeper?

6.

<hielt, gehalten>

(zielen)

▪ [mit etw dat] auf etw akk \halten to aim at sth [with sth]

du musst mehr nach rechts \halten you must aim more to the right

7.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich beherrschen)

▪ an sich akk \halten to control oneself

ich musste an mich \halten, um nicht zu lachen I had to force myself not to laugh

8.

<hielt, gehalten>

(Wert legen auf)

▪ auf etw akk \halten to attach importance to sth

[sehr] auf Ordnung \halten to attach [a lot of] importance to tidiness

9.

<hielt, gehalten>

(jdm beistehen)

▪ zu jdm \halten to stand [or stick] by sb

ich werde immer zu dir \halten I will always stand by you

ich halte zu Manchester United, und du? I support Manchester United, what about you?

10.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in einem Zustand erhalten)

Sport hält jung sport keeps you young

Alufolie hält frisch aluminium foil keeps things fresh

11.

<hielt, gehalten>

NAUT (Kurs nehmen)

▪ auf etw akk halten to head for sth

halte mehr nach links keep more to the left

nach Norden \halten to head north

12.

▶ halt mal,... hang [or hold] on,...

▶ halt mal, stopp! (hum) hang [or hold] on a minute!

▶ jd hält auf sich akk

du solltest ein bisschen mehr auf dich \halten (auf das Aussehen achten) you should take more [a] pride in yourself; (selbstbewusst sein) you should be more self-confident

III. REFLEXIVES VERB

1.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich festhalten)

▪ sich akk an etw dat \halten to hold on to sth

der Kletterer rutschte aus und konnte sich nicht mehr \halten the climber slipped and lost his grip

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(nicht verderben)

▪ sich akk \halten Lebensmittel to keep; Blumen a. to last

im Kühlschrank hält sich Milch gut drei Tage milk keeps for a good three days in the fridge

3.

<hielt, gehalten>

(jung, gesund bleiben)

sich akk gut ge \halten haben (fam) to have worn well fam

für seine 50 Jahre hat er sich gut ge\halten he has worn well for a 50-year-old

4.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich behaupten)

sich akk gut \halten to do well, to make a good showing

halte dich tapfer be brave

5.

<hielt, gehalten>

(nicht verschwinden)

▪ sich akk \halten to last; Schnee a. to stay; Geruch, Rauch to stay, to hang around

manchmal kann der Nebel sich bis in die späten Vormittagsstunden \halten sometimes the fog can last until the late morning

6.

<hielt, gehalten>

(bei etw bleiben)

▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to stay with sth

ich halte mich an die alte Methode I'll stick to [or stay with] the old method

ich halte mich lieber an Mineralwasser I prefer to stay with mineral water

7.

<hielt, gehalten>

(irgendwo bleiben)

sich akk auf den Beinen/im Sattel \halten to stay on one's feet/in the saddle

8.

<hielt, gehalten>

(eine Richtung beibehalten)

▪ sich akk irgendwo/nach... \halten to keep to somewhere/heading towards...

\halten Sie sich immer in Richtung Stadtmitte keep going towards the centre

sich akk rechts/links \halten to keep [to the] left/right

der Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts the driver kept to the right

sich akk nach Süden \halten to keep going southwards

9.

<hielt, gehalten>

(befolgen, einhalten)

▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to keep [or stick] to sth

er hält sich immer an die Vorschriften he always sticks to the rules

der Film hat sich nicht an die Romanvorlage gehalten the film didn't keep [or stick] to the book

sich akk an die Tatsachen \halten to keep [or stick] to the facts

sich akk an ein Versprechen \halten to keep a promise

10.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich behaupten)

▪ sich akk [mit etw dat] \halten to prevail [with sth]

trotz der hauchdünnen Mehrheit hielt sich die Regierung noch über ein Jahr despite its wafer-thin majority the government lasted [or kept going for] over a year

11.

<hielt, gehalten>

(bestehen)

▪ sich akk halten to keep going

die Firma wird sich nicht \halten können the company won't keep going [for long]

12.

<hielt, gehalten>

(eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben)

▪ sich akk irgendwie \halten to carry [or hold] oneself in a certain manner

es ist nicht leicht, sich im Gleichgewicht zu \halten it's not easy to keep one's balance

sich akk aufrecht/gerade \halten to hold or carry oneself erect/straight

13.

<hielt, gehalten>

(einschätzen)

▪ sich akk für jdn/etw \halten to think one is sb/sth

er hält sich für besonders klug/einen Fachmann he thinks he's very clever/a specialist

14.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich beherrschen)

sich akk nicht \halten können not to be able to control oneself

ich konnte mich nicht \halten vor Lachen bei dem Anblick I couldn't help laughing at this sight

15.

▶ sich akk an jdn \halten (sich an jdn wenden) to refer to sb, to ask sb; (jds Nähe suchen) to stick with sb

IV. UNPERSÖNLICHES INTRANSITIVES VERB

1.

<hielt, gehalten>

(handhaben)

▪ es [mit etw dat] irgendwie \halten to do sth in a certain way

wir \halten es ähnlich we do things in a similar way

es mit einer Sache so/anders \halten to handle [or deal with] sth like this/differently

wie hältst du es in diesem Jahr mit Weihnachten? what are you doing about Christmas this year?

wie hältst du's mit der Kirche? what's your attitude towards the church?

das kannst du \halten wie du willst that's completely up to you

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(Neigung haben für)

es [mehr [o lieber]] mit jdm/etw halten to prefer sb/sth

sie hält es mehr mit ihrer Mutter she gets on better with her mother

er hält es nicht so mit der Sauberkeit he's not a great one for cleanliness

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (auch Milit.) hold

etwas an einem Ende halten — hold one end of something

sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

die Hand vor den Mund halten — put one's hand in front of one's mouth

etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>

3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up < speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

den Takt halten — keep time

Diät halten — keep to a diet

den Kurs halten — stay on course

diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht halten — this statement does not hold up

Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

4) (erfüllen) keep

sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

ein Auto halten — run a car

6) (einschätzen)

jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

8) (Halt geben) hold up, support < bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

9) (zurückhalten) keep

ihn hält hier nichts — there's nothing to keep him here

es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

10) (bei sich behalten)

das Wasser halten — hold one's water

11) (nicht aufgeben)

ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

12) (behandeln) treat

jemanden streng halten — be strict with somebody

13) (vorziehen)

es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

14) (verfahren)

es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

15) (gestalten)

das Badezimmer ist in Grün gehalten — the bathroom is decorated in green

die Rede war sehr allgemein gehalten — the speech was very general
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) (stehen bleiben) stop

2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) last

der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

3) (Sport) save

er hat gut gehalten — he made some good saves

4) (beistehen)

zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)

6) (Seemannsspr.) head

auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

7) (sich beherrschen)

an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

8) (achten)

auf Ordnung halten — attach importance to tidiness
3.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)

wir werden uns nicht länger halten können — we won't be able to hold out much longer

das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

2) (sich bewähren)

sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

halte dich tapfer — be brave

3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

4) (Körperhaltung haben)

sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

5) (bleiben)

sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

6) (gehen, bleiben)

sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

7) (befolgen)

sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

8) (sich wenden)

sich an jemanden halten — ask somebody

9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)

sie hat sich gut gehalten — she is well preserved for her age (coll.)

* * *

Halten n; -s, kein pl:

zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop);

Halten verboten! no stopping;

da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc (back)

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (auch Milit.) hold

etwas an einem Ende halten — hold one end of something

sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

die Hand vor den Mund halten — put one's hand in front of one's mouth

etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>

3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up <speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

den Takt halten — keep time

Diät halten — keep to a diet

den Kurs halten — stay on course

diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht halten — this statement does not hold up

Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

4) (erfüllen) keep

sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

ein Auto halten — run a car

6) (einschätzen)

jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

8) (Halt geben) hold up, support <bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

9) (zurückhalten) keep

ihn hält hier nichts — there's nothing to keep him here

es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

10) (bei sich behalten)

das Wasser halten — hold one's water

11) (nicht aufgeben)

ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

12) (behandeln) treat

jemanden streng halten — be strict with somebody

13) (vorziehen)

es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

14) (verfahren)

es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

15) (gestalten)

das Badezimmer ist in Grün gehalten — the bathroom is decorated in green

die Rede war sehr allgemein gehalten — the speech was very general
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) (stehen bleiben) stop

2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) last

der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

3) (Sport) save

er hat gut gehalten — he made some good saves

4) (beistehen)

zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)

6) (Seemannsspr.) head

auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

7) (sich beherrschen)

an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

8) (achten)

auf Ordnung halten — attach importance to tidiness
3.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)

wir werden uns nicht länger halten können — we won't be able to hold out much longer

das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

2) (sich bewähren)

sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

halte dich tapfer — be brave

3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

4) (Körperhaltung haben)

sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

5) (bleiben)

sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

6) (gehen, bleiben)

sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

7) (befolgen)

sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

8) (sich wenden)

sich an jemanden halten — ask somebody

9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)

sie hat sich gut gehalten — she is well preserved for her age (coll.)

* * *

v.

(§ p.,pp.: hielt, gehalten)

= to bear v.

(§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne)

to clamp v.

to halt v.

to hold v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held)

to keep v.

(§ p.,p.p.: kept)

to retain v.

to uphold v.

(§ p.,p.p.: upheld)

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Halten
12 halten

n; -s, kein Pl.: zum Halten bringen stop, bring to a halt ( oder stop); Halten verboten! no stopping; da gab es kein Halten mehr there was no holding them etc. (back)

* * *

das Halten

(Besitzen) keeping;

(Festhalten) holding

* * *
hạl|ten ['haltn] pret hielt [hiːlt] ptp geha\#lten [gə'haltn]
1. TRANSITIVES VERB

1) = festhalten to hold

jdm etw halten — to hold sth for sb

jdm den Mantel halten — to hold sb's coat (for him/her)

kannst du mir bitte die Leiter halten? — could you please hold the ladder for me?

den Kopf/Bauch halten — to hold one's head/stomach

2)

= in eine bestimmte Position bringen etw gegen das Licht halten — to hold sth up to the light

den Arm in die Höhe halten — to hold one's arm up

einen Fuß/einen Zeh ins Wasser halten — to put a foot/a toe in the water

3)

= tragen die drei Pfeiler halten die Brücke — the three piers support the bridge

meinst du, der kleine Nagel hält das schwere Ölbild? — do you think this small nail will take the weight of the heavy oil painting?

nur zwei morsche Bretter hielten den Balkon noch — there were only two rotten boards holding the balcony up

zwei Schlaufen halten den Vorhang an der Seite — two loops hold back the curtain

4) = zurückhalten, aufhalten to hold; (SPORT) to save

die Wärme/Feuchtigkeit halten — to retain heat/moisture

er kann den Urin or das Wasser nicht halten — he's incontinent

einen Elfmeter or Strafstoß halten — to save a penalty

das ist ein toller Torwart, der hält jeden Ball! — he's a great goalkeeper, he makes great saves!

ich konnte ihn/es gerade noch halten — I just managed to grab hold of him/it

haltet den Dieb! — stop thief!

sie ist nicht zu halten (fig) — there's no holding her back

es hält mich hier nichts mehr — there's nothing to keep me here any more

es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

5) = behalten Festung, Rekord to hold; Position to hold (on to)

den Schnabel or Mund halten (inf) — to keep one's mouth shut (inf)

6) = unterhalten, besitzen Chauffeur, Lehrer to employ; Haustier to keep; Auto to run

eine Geliebte halten — to keep a mistress

eine Perserkatze/einen Hausfreund halten — to have a Persian cat/a live-in lover

wir können uns kein Auto halten —

(sich dat) eine Zeitung/Zeitschrift halten — to get a paper/magazine

7) = einhalten, erfüllen to keep

ein Versprechen halten — to keep a promise

man muss halten, was man verspricht — a promise is a promise

der Film hält nicht, was er/der Titel verspricht — the film doesn't live up to expectations/its title

8) = beibehalten, aufrechterhalten Niveau to keep up, to maintain; Tempo, Disziplin, Temperatur to maintain; Kurs to keep to, to hold

Ruhe halten — to keep quiet

die Balance or das Gleichgewicht halten — to keep one's balance

den Ton halten — to stay in tune or in key

die These lässt sich nicht länger halten or ist nicht länger zu halten — this hypothesis is no longer tenable

Kontakt halten — to keep in touch

(mit jdm) Verbindung halten — to keep in touch( with sb)

Abstand halten! — keep your distance!

etw sauber halten — to keep sth clean

das Essen warm halten — to keep the food warm

viel Sport hält jung/schlank — doing a lot of sport keeps you young/slim

er hält sein Haus immer tadellos — he keeps his house immaculate

halten Sie die Erklärungen einfach — keep the explanations simple

wenn es neblig ist, sollten Sie den Abstand immer so groß wie möglich halten — if it's foggy you should always stay as far as possible from the car in front

ein Land besetzt halten — to keep a country under occupation

9) = behandeln to treat

die Gefangenen werden in diesen Gefängnissen wie Tiere gehalten — the prisoners are treated like animals in these prisons

er hält seine Kinder sehr streng — he's very strict with his children

10)

= handhaben, verfahren mit das kannst du (so) halten, wie du willst — that's entirely up to you

wie halten Sie es mit Ihrer Steuererklärung? — how do you deal with your tax return?

wie hältst dus mit der Religion? — what's your attitude toward(s) religion?

wir halten es mit den Abrechnungen anders — we deal with invoices in a different way

er hält es nicht so sehr mit der Sauberkeit — he's not over-concerned about cleanliness

es mehr or lieber mit jdm/etw halten — to prefer sb/sth

11)

= gestalten ein in Brauntönen gehaltener Raum — a room done in different shades of brown

sie beschloss das Zimmer in Grün zu halten — she decided to do the room in green

das Kleid ist in dunklen Tönen gehalten — it is a dark-coloured (Brit) or dark-colored (US) dress

das Mobiliar ist in einem hellen Holz gehalten — the furniture is made of a light wood

12) = veranstalten, abhalten Fest, Pressekonferenz to give; Rede to make; Gottesdienst, Zwiesprache to hold; Wache to keep

Selbstgespräche halten — to talk to oneself

Unterricht halten — to teach

Mittagsschlaf halten — to have an afternoon nap

Winterschlaf halten — to hibernate

13) = einschätzen, denkendiams; jdn/etw für etw halten to think sb/sth sth

ich habe das Bild für ein Original gehalten — I thought the picture was an original

etw für angebracht/schön halten — to think or consider sth appropriate/beautiful

jdn für ehrlich halten — to think or consider sb honest

ich habe ihn ( irrtümlich) für seinen Bruder gehalten — I (mis)took him for his brother

wofür halten Sie mich? — what do you take me for?

das halte ich nicht für möglich — I don't think that is possible

ich halte es für Unsinn, alles noch einmal abzuschreiben — I think it's silly to copy everything out againdiams; etw von jdm/etw halten to think sth of sb/sth

nicht viel von jdm/etw halten — not to think much of sb/sth

nicht viel vom Beten/Sparen halten — not to be a great one for praying/saving (inf)

ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun — I'm not in favour (Brit) or favor (US) of (doing) thatdiams; etwas/viel auf etw (acc) halten to consider sth important/very important

er hält etwas auf gute Manieren — he considers good manners important

der Chef hält viel auf Pünktlichkeit — the boss attaches a lot of importance to punctuality

14)

See:

→ gehalten

2. INTRANSITIVES VERB

1) = festhalten to hold; (= haften bleiben) to stick; (SPORT) to make a save

kannst du mal einen Moment halten? — can you just hold that (for) a moment?

unser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig gehalten — our goalkeeper made some good saves again today

kann der denn ( gut) halten? — is he a good goalkeeper?

2) = bestehen bleiben, haltbar sein to last; (Konserven) to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Frisur, COMM Preise) to hold; (Stoff) to be hard-wearing

der Waffenstillstand hält nun schon drei Wochen — the truce has now held for three weeks

Rosen halten länger, wenn man ein Aspirin ins Wasser tut — roses last longer if you put an aspirin in the water

dieser Stoff hält lange — this material is hard-wearing

3) = stehen bleiben, anhalten to stop

zum Halten bringen — to bring to a standstill

halten lassen (Mil) — to call a halt

halt mal, stop! (hum) — hang on (inf) or hold on a minute!

4) andere Redewendungendiams; auf etw (acc) halten (= zielen) to aim at sth; (= steuern) to head for sth; (= Wert legen auf) to attach importance to sth

sehr auf etw halten — to attach great importance to sth

ich musste an mich halten, um nicht in schallendes Gelächter auszubrechen — I had to control myself so as not to burst into fits of laughter

3. REFLEXIVES VERB

1) diams; sich halten= sich festhalten to hold on (
an +dat to)
er konnte sich gerade noch an dem Griff halten, als der Zug mit einem scharfen Ruck anfuhr — he just managed to grab hold of the strap when the train suddenly jolted forward

sie konnte sich auf dem glatten Abhang nicht halten — she couldn't keep her footing on the slippery slope

er konnte sich auf dem wilden Mustang nur drei Sekunden halten — he could only stay on the wild mustang three seconds

2) = eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben to carry or hold oneself

er hält sich sehr aufrecht — he holds or carries himself very erect

sich ( im Gleichgewicht) halten — to keep one's balance

sich auf den Beinen halten — to stay on one's feet

sich ( nach) links halten — to keep (to the) left

sich nach Westen halten — to keep going westwards

der Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts — the driver kept to the right

ich halte mich an die alte Methode — I'll stick to or with the old method

sich an ein Versprechen halten — to keep a promise

sich an die Tatsachen/den Text halten — to keep or stick to the facts/text

3) = sich nicht verändern Lebensmittel, Blumen to keep; (Wetter) to last, to hold; (Geruch, Rauch) to linger; (Preise) to hold; (Brauch, Sitte) to continue

der Geruch von Knoblauch hält sich ewig — the smell of garlic lingers for ages (inf)

4) = seine Position behaupten to hold on; (in Kampf) to hold out

er hat sich in der Spitzenposition gehalten — he held on to the lead

er hat sich im erbarmungslosen Wettbewerb prächtig gehalten — he held on amazingly in the cut-throat competition

das Geschäft kann sich in dieser Straße nicht halten — the shop can't continue to stay open in this streetdiams; sich gut halten (in Prüfung, Spiel etc) to do well

er hat sich ziemlich gut gehalten (körperlich) — he is quite well-preserved

sie hat sich in der schweren Prüfung unerwartet gut gehalten — she did unexpectedly well in the difficult exam

5) = sich beherrschen to control oneself

sich nicht halten können — to be unable to control oneself

6)

andere Wendungendiams; sich halten an (+acc) ich halte mich lieber an den Wein — I'd rather keep or stick to wine

er hält sich für einen Spezialisten/für besonders klug — he thinks he's a specialist/very clever

* * *

1) (to (cause to) stop walking, marching, running etc: The driver halted the train; The train halted at the signals.) halt

2) (to give: He delivered a long speech.) deliver

3) ((of a car etc) to stop: We drew up outside their house.) draw up

4) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) hold

5) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) hold

6) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) hold

7) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) hold

8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) hold

9) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) keep

10) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) keep

11) (to stand up to use: This material doesn't wear very well.) wear

12) (having the body in a state of tension and readiness to act: The animal was poised ready to leap.) poised

13) (to suppose or think (that something is the case): Do you take me for an idiot?) take

* * *

hal·ten

[ˈhaltn̩]

I. TRANSITIVES VERB

1.

<hielt, gehalten>

(festhalten)

▪ [jdm] jdn/etw \halten to hold sb/sth [for sb]

du musst das Seil ganz fest \halten you must keep a tight grip on the rope

hältst du bitte kurz meine Tasche? would you please hold my bag for a moment?

jdn/etw im Arm \halten to hold sb/sth in one's arms

jdn an [o bei] der Hand \halten to hold sb's hand [or sb by the hand]

jdm den Mantel \halten to hold sb's coat [for him/her]

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(aufhalten)

▪ jdn \halten to stop sb

haltet den Dieb! stop the thief!

es hält dich niemand nobody's stopping you

wenn sie etwas von Sahnetorte hört, ist sie nicht mehr zu \halten if she hears cream gateau mentioned there's no holding her!

3.

<hielt, gehalten>

(zurückhalten)

▪ jdn \halten to keep sb

warum bleibst du noch bei dieser Firma, was hält dich noch da? why do you stay with the firm, what's keeping you there?

mich hält hier nichts [mehr] there's nothing to keep me here [any more]

4.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in eine bestimmte Position bringen)

▪ etw irgendwohin/irgendwie \halten to put sth somewhere/in a certain position

er hielt die Hand in die Höhe he put his hand up

die Hand vor den Mund \halten to put one's hand in front of one's mouth

etw gegen das Licht \halten to hold sth up to the light

die Hand ins Wasser \halten to put one's hand into the water

5.

<hielt, gehalten>

(befestigen)

▪ etw \halten to hold sth

nur wenige Pfeiler \halten die alte Brücke just a few pillars support the old bridge

ihre Haare wurden von einer Schleife nach hinten ge\halten her hair was held back by a ribbon

das Regal wird von zwei Haken ge\halten the shelf is held up by two hooks

6.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in sich behalten)

▪ etw \halten to hold sth

ich konnte die Tränen nicht \halten I couldn't hold back my tears

das Ventil konnte den Überdruck nicht mehr \halten the valve could no longer contain the excess pressure

er konnte das Wasser nicht mehr \halten he couldn't hold his water

Wärme/Feuchtigkeit \halten to retain heat/moisture

7.

<hielt, gehalten>

SPORT

einen Ball \halten to stop a ball

der Tormann konnte den Ball nicht \halten the goalkeeper couldn't stop the ball

einen Elfmeter \halten to save a penalty

8.

<hielt, gehalten>

(beschäftigen)

▪ sich dat jdn \halten to employ [or have] sb

sich dat eine Putzfrau \halten to have a woman to come in and clean

sie hält sich einen Chauffeur she employs a chauffeur; (fig)

er hält sich eine Geliebte he has a mistress

9.

<hielt, gehalten>

(besitzen)

▪ [sich dat] etw \halten to keep sth

er hält sich ein Privatflugzeug, eine Segeljacht und ein Rennpferd he keeps a private aircraft, a yacht and a racehorse

ein Auto \halten to run a car

wir können uns kein Auto \halten we can't afford a car

Hühner/einen Hund \halten to keep chickens/a dog

10.

<hielt, gehalten>

(geh: abonniert haben)

eine Zeitung \halten to take a paper form

11.

<hielt, gehalten>

(behandeln)

▪ jdn irgendwie \halten to treat sb in a certain way

er hält seine Kinder sehr streng he is very strict with his children

12.

<hielt, gehalten>

(beibehalten, aufrechterhalten)

▪ etw \halten to keep sth

die Balance [o das Gleichgewicht] \halten to keep one's balance

Frieden \halten to keep the peace

die Geschwindigkeit \halten to keep up speed

mit jdm Kontakt \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb

den Kurs \halten to stay on course

Ordnung \halten to keep order

eine Position nicht \halten können to not be able to hold a position

einen Rekord \halten to hold a record

Ruhe \halten to keep quiet

den Takt \halten to keep time

die Temperatur \halten to maintain the temperature

den Ton \halten to stay in tune

zu jdm die Verbindung \halten to keep in touch [or contact] with sb

diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht \halten this statement is not tenable

hoffentlich kann ich den Weltrekord noch \halten hopefully I can still hold on to the world record

13.

<hielt, gehalten>

MIL (erfolgreich verteidigen)

▪ etw \halten to hold sth

die Verteidiger hielten ihre Stellungen weiterhin the defenders continued to hold their positions

eine Festung \halten to hold a fortress

14.

<hielt, gehalten>

(nicht aufgeben)

ein Geschäft \halten to keep a business going

15.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in einem Zustand erhalten)

▪ etw irgendwie \halten to keep sth in a certain condition

die Fußböden hält sie immer peinlich sauber she always keeps the floors scrupulously clean

den Abstand gleich \halten to keep the distance the same

jdn in Atem/in Bewegung/bei Laune \halten to keep sb in suspense/on the go/happy

für jdn das Essen warm \halten to keep sb's meal hot

die Getränke kalt \halten to keep the drinks chilled

jdn jung/fit \halten to keep sb young/fit

16.

<hielt, gehalten>

(gestalten)

▪ etw in etw dat \halten to do sth in sth

▪ etw ist in etw dat ge \halten sth is done in sth

das Haus war innen und außen ganz in Weiß ge\halten the house was completely white inside and out

das Wohnzimmer ist in Blau ge\halten the living room is decorated in blue

ihr Schlafzimmer ist in ganz in Kirschbaum ge\halten her bedroom is furnished entirely in cherrywood

die Rede war sehr allgemein ge\halten the speech was very general

einen Brief kurz \halten to keep a letter short

etw schlicht \halten to keep sth simple

17.

<hielt, gehalten>

(abhalten)

▪ etw \halten to give sth

er hielt eine kurze Rede he made a short speech

Diät \halten to keep to a diet

einen Gottesdienst \halten to hold a service

seinen Mittagsschlaf \halten to have an afternoon nap

eine Rede \halten to give [or make] a speech

ein Referat \halten to give [or present] a paper

Selbstgespräche \halten to talk to oneself

eine Unterrichtsstunde \halten to give a lesson

Unterricht \halten to teach

einen Vortrag \halten to give a talk

seinen Winterschlaf \halten to hibernate

Zwiesprache \halten mit jdm/etw (geh) to commune with sb form; s.a. Gericht

18.

<hielt, gehalten>

(einhalten, erfüllen)

▪ etw \halten to keep sth

der Film hält nicht, was der Titel verspricht the film doesn't live up to its title

man muss \halten, was man verspricht a promise is a promise

sein Wort/Versprechen \halten to keep one's word/a promise

19.

<hielt, gehalten>

(einschätzen)

▪ jdn/etw für jdn/etw \halten to take sb/sth for [or to be] sb/sth

ich habe ihn für seinen Bruder ge\halten I mistook him for his brother

das halte ich nicht für möglich I don't think that is possible

wofür \halten Sie mich? what do you take me for?

jdn für ehrlich/reich \halten to think sb is [or consider sb to be] honest/rich

20.

<hielt, gehalten>

(denken über)

▪ etw von jdm/etw \halten to think sth of sb/sth

ich halte nichts davon, das zu tun I don't think much of doing that

er hält nichts vom Beten/Sparen he's not a great one for praying/saving fam

ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht I think it best/possible/my duty

nichts/viel/wenig von jdm/etw \halten to think nothing/a lot/not think much of sb/sth

21.

<hielt, gehalten>

(wertschätzen)

etwas/viel auf jdn \halten to think quite a bit/a lot of sb

wenn man etwas auf sich hält... if you think you're somebody...; s.a. Stück

22.

▶ den Mund [o (fam) Schnabel] \halten to keep one's mouth shut, to hold one's tongue

II. INTRANSITIVES VERB

1. (festhalten) to hold

kannst du mal einen Moment \halten? can you hold that for a second?

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(haltbar sein) to keep

wie lange hält der Fisch noch? how much longer will the fish keep?

die Schuhe sollten noch bis nächstes Jahr \halten these shoes should last till next year

3.

<hielt, gehalten>

(dauerhaft sein) to hold

der das Seil hält nicht mehr länger the rope won't hold much longer

die Tapete hält nicht the wallpaper won't stay on

diese Freundschaft hält schon lange this friendship has been lasting long

die Tür wird jetzt \halten now the door will hold

das Regal hält nicht an der Wand the shelf keeps falling off the wall

4.

<hielt, gehalten>

(stehen bleiben, anhalten) to stop

\halten Sie bitte an der Ecke! stop at the corner, please

etw zum H\halten bringen to bring sth to a stop [or standstill]

ein \haltendes Fahrzeug a stationary vehicle

5.

<hielt, gehalten>

SPORT to make a save

unser Tormann hat heute wieder großartig ge\halten our goalkeeper made some great saves today

kann Peters denn gut \halten? is Peters a good goalkeeper?

6.

<hielt, gehalten>

(zielen)

▪ [mit etw dat] auf etw akk \halten to aim at sth [with sth]

du musst mehr nach rechts \halten you must aim more to the right

7.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich beherrschen)

▪ an sich akk \halten to control oneself

ich musste an mich \halten, um nicht zu lachen I had to force myself not to laugh

8.

<hielt, gehalten>

(Wert legen auf)

▪ auf etw akk \halten to attach importance to sth

[sehr] auf Ordnung \halten to attach [a lot of] importance to tidiness

9.

<hielt, gehalten>

(jdm beistehen)

▪ zu jdm \halten to stand [or stick] by sb

ich werde immer zu dir \halten I will always stand by you

ich halte zu Manchester United, und du? I support Manchester United, what about you?

10.

<hielt, gehalten>

(in einem Zustand erhalten)

Sport hält jung sport keeps you young

Alufolie hält frisch aluminium foil keeps things fresh

11.

<hielt, gehalten>

NAUT (Kurs nehmen)

▪ auf etw akk halten to head for sth

halte mehr nach links keep more to the left

nach Norden \halten to head north

12.

▶ halt mal,... hang [or hold] on,...

▶ halt mal, stopp! (hum) hang [or hold] on a minute!

▶ jd hält auf sich akk

du solltest ein bisschen mehr auf dich \halten (auf das Aussehen achten) you should take more [a] pride in yourself; (selbstbewusst sein) you should be more self-confident

III. REFLEXIVES VERB

1.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich festhalten)

▪ sich akk an etw dat \halten to hold on to sth

der Kletterer rutschte aus und konnte sich nicht mehr \halten the climber slipped and lost his grip

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(nicht verderben)

▪ sich akk \halten Lebensmittel to keep; Blumen a. to last

im Kühlschrank hält sich Milch gut drei Tage milk keeps for a good three days in the fridge

3.

<hielt, gehalten>

(jung, gesund bleiben)

sich akk gut ge \halten haben (fam) to have worn well fam

für seine 50 Jahre hat er sich gut ge\halten he has worn well for a 50-year-old

4.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich behaupten)

sich akk gut \halten to do well, to make a good showing

halte dich tapfer be brave

5.

<hielt, gehalten>

(nicht verschwinden)

▪ sich akk \halten to last; Schnee a. to stay; Geruch, Rauch to stay, to hang around

manchmal kann der Nebel sich bis in die späten Vormittagsstunden \halten sometimes the fog can last until the late morning

6.

<hielt, gehalten>

(bei etw bleiben)

▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to stay with sth

ich halte mich an die alte Methode I'll stick to [or stay with] the old method

ich halte mich lieber an Mineralwasser I prefer to stay with mineral water

7.

<hielt, gehalten>

(irgendwo bleiben)

sich akk auf den Beinen/im Sattel \halten to stay on one's feet/in the saddle

8.

<hielt, gehalten>

(eine Richtung beibehalten)

▪ sich akk irgendwo/nach... \halten to keep to somewhere/heading towards...

\halten Sie sich immer in Richtung Stadtmitte keep going towards the centre

sich akk rechts/links \halten to keep [to the] left/right

der Autofahrer hielt sich ganz rechts the driver kept to the right

sich akk nach Süden \halten to keep going southwards

9.

<hielt, gehalten>

(befolgen, einhalten)

▪ sich akk an etw akk \halten to keep [or stick] to sth

er hält sich immer an die Vorschriften he always sticks to the rules

der Film hat sich nicht an die Romanvorlage gehalten the film didn't keep [or stick] to the book

sich akk an die Tatsachen \halten to keep [or stick] to the facts

sich akk an ein Versprechen \halten to keep a promise

10.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich behaupten)

▪ sich akk [mit etw dat] \halten to prevail [with sth]

trotz der hauchdünnen Mehrheit hielt sich die Regierung noch über ein Jahr despite its wafer-thin majority the government lasted [or kept going for] over a year

11.

<hielt, gehalten>

(bestehen)

▪ sich akk halten to keep going

die Firma wird sich nicht \halten können the company won't keep going [for long]

12.

<hielt, gehalten>

(eine bestimmte Körperhaltung haben)

▪ sich akk irgendwie \halten to carry [or hold] oneself in a certain manner

es ist nicht leicht, sich im Gleichgewicht zu \halten it's not easy to keep one's balance

sich akk aufrecht/gerade \halten to hold or carry oneself erect/straight

13.

<hielt, gehalten>

(einschätzen)

▪ sich akk für jdn/etw \halten to think one is sb/sth

er hält sich für besonders klug/einen Fachmann he thinks he's very clever/a specialist

14.

<hielt, gehalten>

(sich beherrschen)

sich akk nicht \halten können not to be able to control oneself

ich konnte mich nicht \halten vor Lachen bei dem Anblick I couldn't help laughing at this sight

15.

▶ sich akk an jdn \halten (sich an jdn wenden) to refer to sb, to ask sb; (jds Nähe suchen) to stick with sb

IV. UNPERSÖNLICHES INTRANSITIVES VERB

1.

<hielt, gehalten>

(handhaben)

▪ es [mit etw dat] irgendwie \halten to do sth in a certain way

wir \halten es ähnlich we do things in a similar way

es mit einer Sache so/anders \halten to handle [or deal with] sth like this/differently

wie hältst du es in diesem Jahr mit Weihnachten? what are you doing about Christmas this year?

wie hältst du's mit der Kirche? what's your attitude towards the church?

das kannst du \halten wie du willst that's completely up to you

2.

<hielt, gehalten>

(Neigung haben für)

es [mehr [o lieber]] mit jdm/etw halten to prefer sb/sth

sie hält es mehr mit ihrer Mutter she gets on better with her mother

er hält es nicht so mit der Sauberkeit he's not a great one for cleanliness

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (auch Milit.) hold

etwas an einem Ende halten — hold one end of something

sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

die Hand vor den Mund halten — put one's hand in front of one's mouth

etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>

3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up < speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

den Takt halten — keep time

Diät halten — keep to a diet

den Kurs halten — stay on course

diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht halten — this statement does not hold up

Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

4) (erfüllen) keep

sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

ein Auto halten — run a car

6) (einschätzen)

jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

8) (Halt geben) hold up, support < bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

9) (zurückhalten) keep

ihn hält hier nichts — there's nothing to keep him here

es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

10) (bei sich behalten)

das Wasser halten — hold one's water

11) (nicht aufgeben)

ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

12) (behandeln) treat

jemanden streng halten — be strict with somebody

13) (vorziehen)

es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

14) (verfahren)

es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

15) (gestalten)

das Badezimmer ist in Grün gehalten — the bathroom is decorated in green

die Rede war sehr allgemein gehalten — the speech was very general
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) (stehen bleiben) stop

2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) last

der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

3) (Sport) save

er hat gut gehalten — he made some good saves

4) (beistehen)

zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)

6) (Seemannsspr.) head

auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

7) (sich beherrschen)

an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

8) (achten)

auf Ordnung halten — attach importance to tidiness
3.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)

wir werden uns nicht länger halten können — we won't be able to hold out much longer

das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

2) (sich bewähren)

sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

halte dich tapfer — be brave

3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

4) (Körperhaltung haben)

sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

5) (bleiben)

sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

6) (gehen, bleiben)

sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

7) (befolgen)

sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

8) (sich wenden)

sich an jemanden halten — ask somebody

9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)

sie hat sich gut gehalten — she is well preserved for her age (coll.)

* * *

halten; hält, hielt, gehalten

A. v/t

1. (festhalten) hold;

jemanden an oder

bei der Hand halten hold sb’s hand;

in der Hand/im Arm halten hold in one’s hand/in one’s arms;

jemandem den Mantel halten (damit er die Hände frei hat) hold sb’s coat; (ihm hineinhelfen) hold sb’s coat, help sb on with their coat;

sie hielt sich den Bauch (vor Schmerzen) she was holding her stomach (in pain); → Daumen

2. (stützen) hold (up), support;

das Bild wird von zwei Nägeln gehalten the picture is held up by two nails;

das Seil hat nicht viel zu halten (wird wenig belastet) there isn’t very much weight on the rope

3. in einer Lage: hold;

ans Licht halten hold to the light;

den Kopf gesenkt halten keep one’s head down; → auch hochhalten;

die Hand ins/unters Wasser halten put one’s hand in the water/hold one’s hand under the tap (US auch faucet);

sich (dat)

beim Gähnen die Hand vor den Mund halten put one’s hand in front of one’s mouth when yawning;

er hielt sich das Buch dicht vors Gesicht he was holding the book right in front of his face

4. in einem Zustand: keep;

frisch/warm halten keep fresh/warm;

besetzt/verschlossen halten keep occupied/locked;

in Gang halten keep sth going;

in Ordnung halten keep in order;

auf Lager halten (keep in) stock; → gefangen etc, gehalten B 3

5. (enthalten, fassen) hold, contain;

das Fass hält 20 Liter the barrel holds 20 litres (US -ers)

6. (zurückhalten, behalten) keep, hold; (Festung, Stellung, Rekord, Titel) hold; (aufhalten) stop; SPORT (Schuss) hold, stop, save;

das Haus hält die Wärme gut/schlecht the house retains the heat/lets the heat out;

das Wasser nicht halten können be incontinent, not be able to hold one’s water ( oder control one’s bladder);

den Ball in den eigenen Reihen halten hold onto the ball, keep possession (of the ball);

seinen Vorsprung halten können retain one’s lead;

er ließ sich nicht halten oder

er war nicht zu halten there was no stopping ( oder holding) him, you couldn’t hold him back;

was hält mich hier noch? what is there to keep me here?;

haltet den Dieb! stop thief!; → Klappe, Mund etc

7. (Geschwindigkeit, Kurs, Niveau, Preise etc) hold, maintain; (Richtung) continue in, keep going in; MUS (Ton) lange: hold; (nicht abweichen) keep to;

Ordnung halten keep order;

Kontakt halten keep in contact (

mit oder

zu with);

haltet jetzt bitte Ruhe/Frieden umg keep quiet now, please/no more arguing, please;

diese Theorie lässt sich nicht halten this theory is untenable

8. (Versprechen, sein Wort etc) keep;

was ich verspreche, halte ich auch my word is my bond;

das Buch hält (nicht), was es verspricht the book doesn’t live up to its promises

9. (

sich [dat]) jemanden/etwas

halten (Haustiere, Personal, Wagen) keep; (Zeitung) take;

sie hält sich einen Chauffeur/Liebhaber she keeps a chauffeur/lover

10. (behandeln) (Person, Tier, Pflanze, Sache) treat;

die Kinder knapp/streng halten not give the children much money/be strict with the children

11. (Sitzung, Versammlung etc) hold; (Hochzeit, Messe) auch celebrate; (Mahlzeit, Schläfchen etc) have, take; (Rede, Vortrag etc) give;

Winterschlaf halten hibernate

12.

halten für consider (to be), think sb/sth is; irrtümlich: (mis)take for;

sie hält ihn für den Besitzer meist she thinks he’s the owner;

ich halte es für richtig, dass er absagt I think he’s right to refuse, I think it’s right that he should refuse;

tu, was du für richtig hältst do what you think is right;

ich hielte es für gut, wenn wir gingen I think we should go, I think it would be a good idea if we went;

für wie alt hältst du ihn? how old do ( oder would) you think he is?;

wofür halten Sie mich/sich (eigentlich)? who do you think I am/you are?

13.

halten von think of;

viel/wenig halten von think highly ( stärker: the world)/not think much of;

was hältst du von …? what do you think of …?; auffordernd: how about …?;

was hältst du davon? what do you think (of it)?;

ich halte nicht viel davon I don’t think much of it; von Idee, Gemälde etc: auch I’m not keen on it;

er hält eine ganze Menge von dir umg he thinks you’re great, he holds you in high estimation;

sie hält nichts vom Sparen she doesn’t believe in saving

14. unpers:

wie hältst du es mit …? what do you usually do about …?; (was denkst du über …?) what do you think of ( oder about) …?;

so haben wir es immer gehalten we’ve always done it that way;

das kannst du halten, wie du willst please (besonders US suit) yourself;

ich halte es mit meinem Lehrer, der immer sagte … I go by what my teacher always used to say …; → gehalten

B. v/i

1. (fest sein) Knoten, Schnur, Schraube etc: hold; Eis: be (frozen) solid enough to walk on; Brücke: stand the weight of sth/sb; (kleben bleiben) stick

2. (Bestand haben) last; Lebensmittel etc: keep; Wetter: hold

3. (haltmachen) stop; Fahrzeug: auch draw up, pull up;

der Zug hält hier zehn Minuten the train stops here for ten minutes;

hält der Bus am Schlossplatz? does the bus stop at the Schlossplatz?;

er ließ halten he called a halt; → halt A

4. SPORT, Torwart etc: save;

sie hält gut she’s good in goal, she’s a good goalkeeper

5. in Zustand:

das hält gesund/jung! it keeps you healthy/young

6. Richtung, mit Waffe: aim (

auf +akk at); Schiff etc: head (

nach for;

nach Norden etc north etc)

7.

an sich (akk)

halten control o.s.;

ich musste an mich halten, um nicht zu (+inf) it took great self-control not to (+inf), I could hardly stop ( oder keep) myself (from) (+ger)

8.

zu jemandem halten stand by sb; Partei nehmend: side with sb

C. v/t & v/i

1.

(viel/wenig) halten auf (+akk) (achten auf) pay (a lot of/little) attention to; (Wert legen auf) set (great/little) store by;

wir halten nicht sehr auf Formen we don’t stand on ceremony

2.

etwas/viel auf sich (akk)

halten take pride/a lot of pride in o.s.; äußerlich: be particular/very particular about one’s appearance; gesundheitlich: look after/take great care of one’s health;

jeder/kein Handwerker, der (etwas) auf sich hält any/no self-respecting craftsman

D. v/r

1. Lebensmittel etc: keep; Schuhe etc: last; Wetter: hold; Preis, Kurs etc: hold; Geschäft, Mode, Restaurant etc: last;

sich gut halten Lebensmittel etc: keep well;

sie hat sich gut gehalten (ist wenig gealtert) she looks good for her age, she’s well preserved

2. (bleiben) fit, warm etc: keep, stay;

sich in Form halten keep in form; körperlich: auch keep fit;

sich bereit halten be ready; Truppen etc: be on standby;

sich verborgen oder

versteckt halten remain hidden ( oder in hiding)

3. (standhalten) hold out;

sich gut oder

wacker halten hold one’s own (

gegen against), do well;

sich halten als maintain one’s position as;

sich auf einem Posten halten (können) last

4.

sich halten an (+akk) keep to, stick to; an Vorschriften etc: comply with;

sich an jemanden halten (sich verlassen auf) rely on sb; wegen Schadenersatz: hold sb liable;

sich an das Gesetz halten comply with ( oder abide by) the law;

der Film hält sich eng an die Vorlage the film keeps very close to the original; möchten Sie einen Sherry? - nein,

ich halte mich lieber an alkoholfreie Getränke I’d rather stick to ( oder with) something non-alcoholic;

heute werde ich mich mal an den Tee halten I’m going to stick to tea today

5. Haltung, Lage, Richtung:

sich links/rechts halten keep to the left/right;

sich südlich halten keep on south, keep going in a southerly direction;

sich sehr gerade oder

aufrecht halten hold o.s. very straight ( oder erect);

sich kaum noch auf den Beinen halten können hardly be able to stand;

sich oft abseits halten often keep (o.s.) to o.s.;

halt dich immer dicht hinter mir keep very close behind me

6. (beherrschen):

sich nicht oder

kaum mehr halten können not be able to contain o.s.;

sich nicht oder

kaum mehr halten können vor Freude/Zorn etc be so happy/angry etc that one can no longer contain o.s.;

sich (vor Lachen) nicht mehr halten können umg not be able to keep a straight face, not be able to stop o.s. ( oder keep from) laughing

7.

sich halten für think o.s. sth, consider ( oder hold geh) o.s. to be sth.;

sie hält sich mal wieder für besonders schlau she thinks she’s been terribly clever again; → auch A 12, bereithalten

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) (auch Milit.) hold

etwas an einem Ende halten — hold one end of something

sich (Dat.) den Kopf/den Bauch halten — hold one's head/stomach

jemanden an od. bei der Hand halten — hold somebody's hand; hold somebody by the hand

die Hand vor den Mund halten — put one's hand in front of one's mouth

etwas ins Licht/gegen das Licht halten — hold something to/up to the light

2) (Ballspiele) save <shot, penalty, etc.>

3) (bewahren) keep; (beibehalten, aufrechterhalten) keep up <speed etc.>; maintain <temperature, equilibrium>

einen Ton halten — stay in tune; (lange anhalten) sustain a note

den Takt halten — keep time

Diät halten — keep to a diet

den Kurs halten — stay on course

diese Behauptung lässt sich nicht halten — this statement does not hold up

Ordnung/Frieden halten — keep order/the peace

4) (erfüllen) keep

sein Wort/ein Versprechen halten — keep one's word/a promise

5) (besitzen, beschäftigen, beziehen) keep <chickens etc.>; take <newspaper, magazine, etc.>

ein Auto halten — run a car

6) (einschätzen)

jemanden für reich/ehrlich halten — think somebody is or consider somebody to be rich/honest

ich halte es für das beste/möglich/meine Pflicht — I think it best/possible/my duty

viel/nichts/wenig von jemandem/etwas halten — think a lot/nothing/not think much of somebody/something

7) (abhalten, veranstalten) give, make < speech>; give, hold < lecture>

Unterricht halten — give lessons; teach

seinen Mittagsschlaf halten — have one's or an afternoon nap

8) (Halt geben) hold up, support <bridge etc.>; hold back <curtain, hair>; fasten < dress>

9) (zurückhalten) keep

ihn hält hier nichts — there's nothing to keep him here

es hält dich niemand — nobody's stopping you

10) (bei sich behalten)

das Wasser halten — hold one's water

11) (nicht aufgeben)

ein Geschäft usw. halten — keep a business etc. going

12) (behandeln) treat

jemanden streng halten — be strict with somebody

13) (vorziehen)

es mehr od. lieber mit jemandem/etwas halten — prefer somebody/something

14) (verfahren)

es mit einer Sache so/anders halten — deal with or handle something like this/differently

15) (gestalten)

das Badezimmer ist in Grün gehalten — the bathroom is decorated in green

die Rede war sehr allgemein gehalten — the speech was very general
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) (stehen bleiben) stop

2) (unverändert, an seinem Platz bleiben) last

der Nagel/das Seil hält nicht mehr länger — the nail/rope won't hold much longer

diese Freundschaft hält nicht [lange] — (fig.) this friendship won't last [long]

3) (Sport) save

er hat gut gehalten — he made some good saves

4) (beistehen)

zu jemandem halten — stand or stick by somebody

5) (zielen) aim (auf + Akk. at)

6) (Seemannsspr.) head

auf etwas (Akk.) halten — head for or towards something

7) (sich beherrschen)

an sich (Akk.) halten — control oneself

8) (achten)

auf Ordnung halten — attach importance to tidiness
3.
unregelmäßiges reflexives Verb

1) (sich durchsetzen, behaupten)

wir werden uns nicht länger halten können — we won't be able to hold out much longer

das Geschäft wird sich nicht halten können — the shop won't keep going [for long]

2) (sich bewähren)

sich gut halten — do well; make a good showing

halte dich tapfer — be brave

3) (unverändert bleiben) <weather, flowers, etc.> last; <milk, meat, etc.> keep

4) (Körperhaltung haben)

sich schlecht/gerade/aufrecht halten — hold or carry oneself badly/straight/erect

5) (bleiben)

sich auf den Beinen/im Sattel halten — stay on one's feet/in the saddle

6) (gehen, bleiben)

sich links/rechts halten — keep [to the] left/right

sich an jemandes Seite (Dat.) /hinter jemandem halten — stay or keep next to/behind somebody

7) (befolgen)

sich an etwas (Akk.) halten — keep to or follow something

8) (sich wenden)

sich an jemanden halten — ask somebody

9) (ugs.): (jung, gesund bleiben)

sie hat sich gut gehalten — she is well preserved for her age (coll.)

* * *

v.

(§ p.,pp.: hielt, gehalten)

= to bear v.

(§ p.,p.p.: bore, borne)

to clamp v.

to halt v.

to hold v.

(§ p.,p.p.: held)

to keep v.

(§ p.,p.p.: kept)

to retain v.

to uphold v.

(§ p.,p.p.: upheld)

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > halten
13 honor

= academic.ru/35474/honorable">honorable

* * *

hon·or

n AM see honour

hon·our, AM hon·or

[ˈɒnəʳ, AM ˈɑ:nɚ]

I. n

1. no pl (honesty) Ehre f

I want to win so that \honor is satisfied ich will gewinnen, damit meine Ehre wiederhergestellt ist hum

the children were on their \honor to go to bed at ten o'clock die Kinder hatten versprochen, um zehn Uhr ins Bett zu gehen

one's word of \honor sein Ehrenwort nt

to be/feel [in] \honor bound to do sth es als seine Pflicht ansehen, etw zu tun

2. no pl (esteem)

as a mark of \honor als Zeichen der Ehre

in the place of \honor am Ehrenplatz

▪ in \honor of sb/sth zu Ehren einer Person/S. gen

3. usu sing (credit)

to be [or bring] [or do] an \honor to sb/sth jdm/etw Ehre machen

these women were an \honor to their country diese Frauen haben ihrem Land alle Ehre gemacht

4. (privilege) Ehre f

▪ to do sb the \honor of doing sth ( form or hum) jdm die Ehre erweisen, etw zu tun geh

she did me the \honor of allowing me to help her with the washing-up sie war so gnädig, mir zu gestatten, ihr beim Abwasch zu helfen iron

▪ to have the \honor of doing sth die Ehre haben, etw zu tun a. iron

5. (reputation) guter Ruf

to stake one's \honor on sth sein Ehrenwort für etw akk geben

6. (award) Auszeichnung f

7. no pl (competence)

to acquit oneself with \honor sich akk durch gute Leistungen auszeichnen

8. (title)

Her H\honor die vorsitzende Richterin

His H\honor der vorsitzende Richter

Your H\honor Euer Ehren

9. (in golf) Recht, den Golfball vom ersten Abschlag zu spielen

10. no pl ( dated: chastity)

to defend one's \honor ( dated) seine Ehre verteidigen

11.

▶ \honor bright BRIT ( dated) ehrlich

▶ on [or upon] my \honor bei meiner Ehre

▶ there's \honor among thieves ( prov) es gibt auch so etwas wie Ganovenehre

II. vt

1. ( form: respect)

▪ to \honor sb/sth jdn/etw in Ehren halten

to be [or feel] \honored sich akk geehrt fühlen

2. (praise)

▪ to \honor sb/sth [with sth] jdn/etw [mit etw dat] ehren

3. (fulfil)

▪ to \honor sth order etw erfüllen

4. (grace)

to \honor sth with one's presence etw mit seiner Gegenwart beehren

5. FIN (accept)

▪ to \honor sth etw anerkennen und bezahlen; bill etw begleichen

* * *
(US) ['ɒnə(r)]
1. n

1) Ehre f

sense of honour — Ehrgefühl nt

he made it a point of honour — er betrachtete es als Ehrensache

he decided to make it a point of honour, never to... — er schwor sich (dat), nie zu...

there is honour among thieves — es gibt so etwas wie Ganovenehre

honour where honour is due —

on my honour! (old) — bei meiner Ehre (old)

I promise on my honour — ich gebe mein Ehrenwort

you're on your honour not to leave — Sie haben Ihr Ehrenwort gegeben, dass Sie bleiben

to put sb on his honour — jdm vertrauen

he's put me on my honour not to tell — ich habe ihm mein Ehrenwort gegeben, dass ich nichts sage

man of honour — Ehrenmann

to lose one's honour (old) — seine Ehre verlieren (old)

to do honour to sb (at funeral) — jdm die letzte Ehre erweisen; (action, thought etc) jdm zur Ehre gereichen

to do honour to sth — einer Sache (dat) Ehre machen

in honour of sb — zu Ehren von jdm, zu jds Ehren; of dead person in ehrendem Andenken an jdn

in honour of sth — zu Ehren von etw; of past thing

may I have the honour of accompanying you? (form) — ich bitte um die Ehre, Sie begleiten zu dürfen (geh)

may I have the honour (of the next dance)? (form) — darf ich (um den nächsten Tanz) bitten?

if you would do me the honour of accepting (form) — wenn Sie mir die Ehre erweisen würden anzunehmen (geh)

to whom do I have the honour of speaking? (form, hum) — mit wem habe ich die Ehre? (geh, hum)

he is honour bound to do it — es ist Ehrensache für ihn, das zu tun

2)

(= title) Your Honour — Hohes Gericht

His Honour — das Gericht

the case was up before His Honour, Sir Charles — der Fall wurde unter dem Vorsitz des vorsitzenden Richters Sir Charles verhandelt

3)

(= distinction, award) honours — Ehren pl, Auszeichnung(en) f(pl)

with full military honours —

New Year's Honour — Titelverleihung f am Neujahrstag

4)

to do the honours (inf) — die Honneurs machen; (on private occasions) den Gastgeber spielen

5) (UNIV)

honours (also honours degree) — akademischer Grad mit Prüfung im Spezialfach

to do or take honours in English — Englisch belegen, um den "Honours Degree" zu erwerben

to get first-class honours — das Examen mit Auszeichnung or "sehr gut" bestehen

6) (GOLF)

it's his honour — er hat die Ehre

7) (CARDS) eine der (beim Bridge) 5 bzw. (beim Whist) 4 höchsten Karten einer Farbe

the honours — die Honneurs pl

2. vt

1) person ehren

to honour sb with a title — jdm einen Titel verleihen

I would be honoured — es wäre mir eine Ehre

I should be ( deeply) honoured if you... —

we are honoured by your visit (also iro) — wir fühlen uns durch Ihren Besuch geehrt

he honoured us with his presence (also iro) — er beehrte uns mit seiner Gegenwart

it's Angelika, we ARE honoured (iro) —

would you honour me by dining with me tonight? — würden Sie mir die Ehre erweisen, heute Abend mit mir zu speisen? (geh)

2) cheque annehmen, einlösen; debt begleichen; bill of exchange respektieren; obligation nachkommen (+dat); commitment stehen zu; credit card anerkennen; pledge, promise halten, einlösen; agreement, contract sich halten an (+acc), erfüllen

* * *

honor, besonders Br honour [ˈɒnə; US ˈɑnər]

A v/t

1. ehren:

I’m honored oft iron ich fühle mich geehrt;

a performance honoring eine Vorstellung zu Ehren von (od gen)

2. ehren, auszeichnen:

honor sb with sth jemandem etwas verleihen

3. beehren ( with mit):

honor sb with one’s presence

4. zur Ehre gereichen (dat), Ehre machen (dat)

5. einer Einladung etc Folge leisten

6. honorieren, anerkennen

7. respektieren

8. WIRTSCH

a) einen Wechsel, Scheck honorieren, einlösen

b) eine Schuld bezahlen

c) einen Vertrag erfüllen

B s

1. Ehre f:

(sense of) honor Ehrgefühl n;

(there is) honor among thieves (es gibt so etwas wie) Ganovenehre;

feel (in) honor bound sich moralisch verpflichtet fühlen ( to do zu tun);

honor to whom honor is due Ehre, wem Ehre gebührt;

(up)on my honor!, Br umg honor bright! Ehrenwort!;

be (up)on one’s honor sein Ehrenwort gegeben haben ( to do zu tun);

do sb honor jemandem zur Ehre gereichen, jemandem Ehre machen;

do sb the honor of doing sth jemandem die Ehre erweisen, etwas zu tun;

I have the honor ich habe die Ehre (of doing, to do zu tun);

may I have the honor (of the next dance)? darf ich (um den nächsten Tanz) bitten?;

put sb on their honor jemanden bei seiner Ehre packen;

his honor it must be said that … zu seiner Ehre muss gesagt werden, dass …; → court A 10, debt 1, etc

2. Ehrung f, Ehre(n) f(pl):

a) Ehrerbietung f, Ehrenbezeigung f

b) Hochachtung f, Ehrfurcht f

c) Auszeichnung f, (Ehren)Titel m, Ehrenamt n, -zeichen n:

in honor of sb, sb’s honor zu jemandes Ehren, jemandem zu Ehren;

honors pl of war ehrenvoller Abzug;

have ( oder hold) sb in honor jemanden in Ehren halten;

pay sb the last ( oder funeral) honors jemandem die letzte Ehre erweisen

3. Ehre f (Jungfräulichkeit):

lose one’s honor die Ehre verlieren

4. Ehre f, Zierde f:

he is an honor to his school (parents) er ist eine Zierde seiner Schule (er macht seinen Eltern Ehre);

what an honor to my poor abode! oft iron welcher Glanz in meiner Hütte!

5. Golf: Ehre f (Berechtigung, den ersten Schlag auf einem Abschlag zu machen):

it is his honor er hat die Ehre

6. pl UNIV besondere Auszeichnung: → honors degree

7. Kartenspiel: Bild n

8. do the honors als Gastgeber(in) fungieren

9. JUR His Honor Judge Brown Richter Brown;

Your Honor hohes Gericht, Herr Vorsitzender

* * *

= honorable

* * *

(US) n.

Ehre -n f. v.

beehren v.

English-german dictionary > honor
14 honour

1.
(Brit.)noun

1) no indef. art. (reputation) Ehre, die

do honour to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache zur Ehre gereichen (geh.); jemandem/einer Sache Ehre machen

2) (respect) Hochachtung, die

do somebody honour, do honour to somebody — jemandem Ehre erweisen; (show appreciation of) jemanden würdigen

in honour of somebody — jemandem zu Ehren

in honour of something — um etwas gebührend zu feiern

3) (privilege) Ehre, die

may I have the honour [of the next dance]? — darf ich [um den nächsten Tanz] bitten?

4) no art. (ethical quality) Ehre, die

he is a man of honour — er ist ein Ehrenmann od. Mann von Ehre

feel [in] honour bound to do something — sich moralisch verpflichtet fühlen, etwas zu tun

promise [up]on one's honour — sein Ehrenwort geben

5) (distinction) Auszeichnung, die; (title) Ehrentitel, der; in pl. (Univ.)

she gained honours in her exam, she passed [the exam] with honours — sie hat das Examen mit Auszeichnung bestanden

6) in pl.

do the honours — (coll.) (introduce guests) die Honneurs machen; (serve guests) den Gastgeber spielen

7) in title

your Honour — (Brit. Law) hohes Gericht; Euer Ehren

8) (person or thing that brings credit)

be an honour to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache Ehre machen
2. transitive verb
1) ehren; würdigen [Verdienste, besondere Eigenschaften]

be honoured as an artist — als Künstler Anerkennung finden

honour somebody with one's presence — (iron.) jemanden mit seiner Gegenwart beehren

2) (acknowledge) beachten [Vorschriften]; respektieren [Gebräuche, Rechte]

3) (fulfil) sich halten an (+ Akk.); (Commerc.) honorieren; begleichen [Rechnung, Schuld]

* * *
['onə] 1. noun
1) (respect for truth, honesty etc: a man of honour.) die Ehre

2) ((the keeping or increasing of) a person's, country's etc good reputation: We must fight for the honour of our country.) die Ehre

3) (fame; glory: He won honour on the field of battle.) das Ansehen

4) (respect: This ceremony is being held in honour of those who died in the war.) die Ehre

5) (something which a person feels to be a reason for pride etc: It is a great honour to be asked to address this meeting.) die Ehre

6) (a title, degree etc given to a person as a mark of respect for his services, work, ability etc: He has received many honours for his research into cancer.) die Ehrung

7) ((with capital: with His, Your etc) a title of respect used when talking to or about judges, mayors etc: My client wishes to plead guilty, Your Honour.) Titel der Richter
2. verb
1) (to show great respect to (a person, thing etc): We should honour the Queen.) ehren

2) (to do, say etc something which is a reason for pride, satisfaction etc to: Will you honour us with your presence at the meeting?) beehren

3) (to give (someone) a title, degree etc as a mark of respect for his ability etc: He was honoured for his work with the mentally handicapped.) ehren

4) (to fulfil (a promise etc): We'll honour our agreement.) erfüllen

•

- academic.ru/35477/honorary">honorary
- honourable
- honours
- in honour bound
- honour bound
- on one's honour
- word of honour
* * *

hon·our, AM hon·or

[ˈɒnəʳ, AM ˈɑ:nɚ]

I. n

1. no pl (honesty) Ehre f

I want to win so that \honour is satisfied ich will gewinnen, damit meine Ehre wiederhergestellt ist hum

the children were on their \honour to go to bed at ten o'clock die Kinder hatten versprochen, um zehn Uhr ins Bett zu gehen

one's word of \honour sein Ehrenwort nt

to be/feel [in] \honour bound to do sth es als seine Pflicht ansehen, etw zu tun

2. no pl (esteem)

as a mark of \honour als Zeichen der Ehre

in the place of \honour am Ehrenplatz

▪ in \honour of sb/sth zu Ehren einer Person/S. gen

3. usu sing (credit)

to be [or bring] [or do] an \honour to sb/sth jdm/etw Ehre machen

these women were an \honour to their country diese Frauen haben ihrem Land alle Ehre gemacht

4. (privilege) Ehre f

▪ to do sb the \honour of doing sth ( form or hum) jdm die Ehre erweisen, etw zu tun geh

she did me the \honour of allowing me to help her with the washing-up sie war so gnädig, mir zu gestatten, ihr beim Abwasch zu helfen iron

▪ to have the \honour of doing sth die Ehre haben, etw zu tun a. iron

5. (reputation) guter Ruf

to stake one's \honour on sth sein Ehrenwort für etw akk geben

6. (award) Auszeichnung f

7. no pl (competence)

to acquit oneself with \honour sich akk durch gute Leistungen auszeichnen

8. (title)

Her H\honour die vorsitzende Richterin

His H\honour der vorsitzende Richter

Your H\honour Euer Ehren

9. (in golf) Recht, den Golfball vom ersten Abschlag zu spielen

10. no pl ( dated: chastity)

to defend one's \honour ( dated) seine Ehre verteidigen

11.

▶ \honour bright BRIT ( dated) ehrlich

▶ on [or upon] my \honour bei meiner Ehre

▶ there's \honour among thieves ( prov) es gibt auch so etwas wie Ganovenehre

II. vt

1. ( form: respect)

▪ to \honour sb/sth jdn/etw in Ehren halten

to be [or feel] \honoured sich akk geehrt fühlen

2. (praise)

▪ to \honour sb/sth [with sth] jdn/etw [mit etw dat] ehren

3. (fulfil)

▪ to \honour sth order etw erfüllen

4. (grace)

to \honour sth with one's presence etw mit seiner Gegenwart beehren

5. FIN (accept)

▪ to \honour sth etw anerkennen und bezahlen; bill etw begleichen

* * *
(US) ['ɒnə(r)]
1. n

1) Ehre f

sense of honour — Ehrgefühl nt

he made it a point of honour — er betrachtete es als Ehrensache

he decided to make it a point of honour, never to... — er schwor sich (dat), nie zu...

there is honour among thieves — es gibt so etwas wie Ganovenehre

honour where honour is due —

on my honour! (old) — bei meiner Ehre (old)

I promise on my honour — ich gebe mein Ehrenwort

you're on your honour not to leave — Sie haben Ihr Ehrenwort gegeben, dass Sie bleiben

to put sb on his honour — jdm vertrauen

he's put me on my honour not to tell — ich habe ihm mein Ehrenwort gegeben, dass ich nichts sage

man of honour — Ehrenmann

to lose one's honour (old) — seine Ehre verlieren (old)

to do honour to sb (at funeral) — jdm die letzte Ehre erweisen; (action, thought etc) jdm zur Ehre gereichen

to do honour to sth — einer Sache (dat) Ehre machen

in honour of sb — zu Ehren von jdm, zu jds Ehren; of dead person in ehrendem Andenken an jdn

in honour of sth — zu Ehren von etw; of past thing

may I have the honour of accompanying you? (form) — ich bitte um die Ehre, Sie begleiten zu dürfen (geh)

may I have the honour (of the next dance)? (form) — darf ich (um den nächsten Tanz) bitten?

if you would do me the honour of accepting (form) — wenn Sie mir die Ehre erweisen würden anzunehmen (geh)

to whom do I have the honour of speaking? (form, hum) — mit wem habe ich die Ehre? (geh, hum)

he is honour bound to do it — es ist Ehrensache für ihn, das zu tun

2)

(= title) Your Honour — Hohes Gericht

His Honour — das Gericht

the case was up before His Honour, Sir Charles — der Fall wurde unter dem Vorsitz des vorsitzenden Richters Sir Charles verhandelt

3)

(= distinction, award) honours — Ehren pl, Auszeichnung(en) f(pl)

with full military honours —

New Year's Honour — Titelverleihung f am Neujahrstag

4)

to do the honours (inf) — die Honneurs machen; (on private occasions) den Gastgeber spielen

5) (UNIV)

honours (also honours degree) — akademischer Grad mit Prüfung im Spezialfach

to do or take honours in English — Englisch belegen, um den "Honours Degree" zu erwerben

to get first-class honours — das Examen mit Auszeichnung or "sehr gut" bestehen

6) (GOLF)

it's his honour — er hat die Ehre

7) (CARDS) eine der (beim Bridge) 5 bzw. (beim Whist) 4 höchsten Karten einer Farbe

the honours — die Honneurs pl

2. vt

1) person ehren

to honour sb with a title — jdm einen Titel verleihen

I would be honoured — es wäre mir eine Ehre

I should be ( deeply) honoured if you... —

we are honoured by your visit (also iro) — wir fühlen uns durch Ihren Besuch geehrt

he honoured us with his presence (also iro) — er beehrte uns mit seiner Gegenwart

it's Angelika, we ARE honoured (iro) —

would you honour me by dining with me tonight? — würden Sie mir die Ehre erweisen, heute Abend mit mir zu speisen? (geh)

2) cheque annehmen, einlösen; debt begleichen; bill of exchange respektieren; obligation nachkommen (+dat); commitment stehen zu; credit card anerkennen; pledge, promise halten, einlösen; agreement, contract sich halten an (+acc), erfüllen

* * *

honour, honourable, etc besonders Br für honor, honorable etc

honor, besonders Br honour [ˈɒnə; US ˈɑnər]

A v/t

1. ehren:

I’m honored oft iron ich fühle mich geehrt;

a performance honoring eine Vorstellung zu Ehren von (od gen)

2. ehren, auszeichnen:

honor sb with sth jemandem etwas verleihen

3. beehren ( with mit):

honor sb with one’s presence

4. zur Ehre gereichen (dat), Ehre machen (dat)

5. einer Einladung etc Folge leisten

6. honorieren, anerkennen

7. respektieren

8. WIRTSCH

a) einen Wechsel, Scheck honorieren, einlösen

b) eine Schuld bezahlen

c) einen Vertrag erfüllen

B s

1. Ehre f:

(sense of) honor Ehrgefühl n;

(there is) honor among thieves (es gibt so etwas wie) Ganovenehre;

feel (in) honor bound sich moralisch verpflichtet fühlen ( to do zu tun);

honor to whom honor is due Ehre, wem Ehre gebührt;

(up)on my honor!, Br umg honor bright! Ehrenwort!;

be (up)on one’s honor sein Ehrenwort gegeben haben ( to do zu tun);

do sb honor jemandem zur Ehre gereichen, jemandem Ehre machen;

do sb the honor of doing sth jemandem die Ehre erweisen, etwas zu tun;

I have the honor ich habe die Ehre (of doing, to do zu tun);

may I have the honor (of the next dance)? darf ich (um den nächsten Tanz) bitten?;

put sb on their honor jemanden bei seiner Ehre packen;

his honor it must be said that … zu seiner Ehre muss gesagt werden, dass …; → court A 10, debt 1, etc

2. Ehrung f, Ehre(n) f(pl):

a) Ehrerbietung f, Ehrenbezeigung f

b) Hochachtung f, Ehrfurcht f

c) Auszeichnung f, (Ehren)Titel m, Ehrenamt n, -zeichen n:

in honor of sb, sb’s honor zu jemandes Ehren, jemandem zu Ehren;

honors pl of war ehrenvoller Abzug;

have ( oder hold) sb in honor jemanden in Ehren halten;

pay sb the last ( oder funeral) honors jemandem die letzte Ehre erweisen

3. Ehre f (Jungfräulichkeit):

lose one’s honor die Ehre verlieren

4. Ehre f, Zierde f:

he is an honor to his school (parents) er ist eine Zierde seiner Schule (er macht seinen Eltern Ehre);

what an honor to my poor abode! oft iron welcher Glanz in meiner Hütte!

5. Golf: Ehre f (Berechtigung, den ersten Schlag auf einem Abschlag zu machen):

it is his honor er hat die Ehre

6. pl UNIV besondere Auszeichnung: → honors degree

7. Kartenspiel: Bild n

8. do the honors als Gastgeber(in) fungieren

9. JUR His Honor Judge Brown Richter Brown;

Your Honor hohes Gericht, Herr Vorsitzender

* * *
1.
(Brit.)noun

1) no indef. art. (reputation) Ehre, die

do honour to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache zur Ehre gereichen (geh.); jemandem/einer Sache Ehre machen

2) (respect) Hochachtung, die

do somebody honour, do honour to somebody — jemandem Ehre erweisen; (show appreciation of) jemanden würdigen

in honour of somebody — jemandem zu Ehren

in honour of something — um etwas gebührend zu feiern

3) (privilege) Ehre, die

may I have the honour [of the next dance]? — darf ich [um den nächsten Tanz] bitten?

4) no art. (ethical quality) Ehre, die

he is a man of honour — er ist ein Ehrenmann od. Mann von Ehre

feel [in] honour bound to do something — sich moralisch verpflichtet fühlen, etwas zu tun

promise [up]on one's honour — sein Ehrenwort geben

5) (distinction) Auszeichnung, die; (title) Ehrentitel, der; in pl. (Univ.)

she gained honours in her exam, she passed [the exam] with honours — sie hat das Examen mit Auszeichnung bestanden

6) in pl.

do the honours — (coll.) (introduce guests) die Honneurs machen; (serve guests) den Gastgeber spielen

7) in title

your Honour — (Brit. Law) hohes Gericht; Euer Ehren

8) (person or thing that brings credit)

be an honour to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache Ehre machen
2. transitive verb
1) ehren; würdigen [Verdienste, besondere Eigenschaften]

be honoured as an artist — als Künstler Anerkennung finden

honour somebody with one's presence — (iron.) jemanden mit seiner Gegenwart beehren

2) (acknowledge) beachten [Vorschriften]; respektieren [Gebräuche, Rechte]

3) (fulfil) sich halten an (+ Akk.); (Commerc.) honorieren; begleichen [Rechnung, Schuld]

* * *

(UK) n.

Ehre -n f. v.

beehren v.

ehren v.

English-german dictionary > honour
15 with

wið
preposition

1) (in the company of; beside; among; including: I was walking with my father; Do they enjoy playing with each other?; He used to play football with the Arsenal team; Put this book with the others.) med, på

2) (by means of; using: Mend it with this glue; Cut it with a knife.) med

3) (used in expressing the idea of filling, covering etc: Fill this jug with milk; He was covered with mud.) med, av

4) (used in describing conflict: They quarrelled with each other; He fought with my brother.) med

5) (used in descriptions of things: a man with a limp; a girl with long hair; a stick with a handle; Treat this book with care.) med

6) (as the result of: He is shaking with fear.) av

7) (in the care of: Leave your case with the porter.) hos

8) (in relation to; in the case of; concerning: Be careful with that!; What's wrong with you?; What shall I do with these books?) med

9) (used in expressing a wish: Down with fascism!; Up with Manchester United!) med

av
--------
med

prep. \/wɪħ\/, foran ustemt konsonant også: \/wɪθ\/

1) (om samhørighet, følge eller retning) med, i selskap med, sammen med, samt, og, til, i

• I went for a walk with a friend

jeg gikk en tur med en venn

• come with us!

bli med oss!

• I'll be with you in a moment

jeg kommer om et øyeblikk

• the Prime Minister with his wife are coming to visit

statsministeren og hans kone kommer på besøk

• John, with his two brothers, arrived later

John, samt hans to brødre, kom senere

• I take sugar with my coffee

jeg bruker sukker i kaffen

• I haven't got it with me

jeg har den ikke med meg

• with this defeat everything was lost

med dette nederlaget var alt tapt

• it happens with scarcely an exception

det skjer nesten uten unntak

2) (om (karakteristisk) trekk, klesplagg e.l.) med

• I met a girl with green eyes

jeg traff en jente med grønne øyne

• she saw a boy with a scar on his stomach

hun så en gutt med et arr på magen

• he came with no hat on

han kom uten hatt

3) ( om middel eller materiale) med, for, av

• you can cut with a knife

du kan skjære med en kniv

• she was covered with soil

hun var dekket av jord

• the filet was filled with herbs

fileten var fylt med urter

• I'll handle it with care

jeg skal behandle den forsiktig

• I bought the car with my own money

jeg kjøpte bilen for mine egne penger

• she looked at them with tears in her eyes

hun så på dem med tårer i øynene

• we sleep with the window open

vi sover med åpent vindu

4) (om holdning, behandling eller fremgangsmåte) med, mot, på

• she worked with diligence

hun arbeidet med flid

• be frank with me

vær oppriktig mot meg

• he's friendly with them

han er vennlig mot dem

• I'm very angry with my father

jeg er svært sint på min far

5) ( om ansvar) til, hos, for

• leave it with me!

overlat det til meg!

• the fault lay with him

feilen var hans

• it rests with her to decide

avgjørelsen ligger hos henne

• with God all things are possible

for Gud er ingenting umulig

6) ( om nærhet eller forhold) hos, her hos, blant, (i likhet) med, når det gjelder, for

• he's staying with the Browns

han bor hos Brown-familien

• leave the child with its aunt

la barnet være hos sin tante

• Madonna is still popular with the young

Madonna er fremdeles populær blant de unge

• the next move is with you

det neste trekket er ditt

• I left a message with her

jeg la igjen en beskjed hos henne

• what does she want with me?

hva vil hun meg?

• you can never tell with him

når det gjelder ham, kan du aldri vite

• it's OK with me

gjerne for meg

• I can do nothing with that terrible girl

jeg kommer ingen vei med den forferdelige jenta

• the first object with her is to make a profit

det første hun tenker på er å få fortjeneste

• he was poor with no one to help him

han var fattig uten at noen kunne hjelpe ham

• we must conclude, with her, that the forecast was optimistic

vi må, i likhet med henne, konkludere med at prognosen var optimistisk

7) ( om samtidighet) med, i takt med, i proporsjon med

• he rose with the sun

han stod opp med solen

• his greed increased with his wealth

grådigheten hans økte i takt med rikdommen

8) ( om ansettelse eller tjenesteforhold) for, hos

• he works with Smith & Co.

han arbeider for Smith & Co.

• Mr. Smith is no longer with us

Hr. Smith jobber ikke her lenger

• they bank with ABC

de bruker ABC-banken

9) ( om årsak eller påvirkning) av, med

• he's stiff with cold

han er stiv av kulde

• they were trembling with fear

de skalv av skrekk

• the kids are tired with playing

barna er trette av å leke

• she's in bed with the flu

hun ligger til sengs med influensa

10) (om strid, kontrast eller skille) mot, med

• we were in a fight with them

vi var i slåsskamp med dem

• her words contrast with her actions

det hun sier står i motsetning til det hun gjør

• don't argue with her

ikke krangle med henne

• I'm in competition with her

jeg konkurrerer med henne

• they are at war with the Romans

de er i krig med romerne

11) ( om motsetning) (på) tross (av), med

• I like her, with all her faults

jeg liker henne med alle hennes feil

• with all his fine qualities he is unsuitable for the job

på tross av hans gode egenskaper passer han ikke til jobben

be down with eller be laid upon with se ➢ down

be with someone være enig med noen, støtte noen, holde med noen

• are you with me?

er du med på det?

• I'm quite with you there

det er jeg helt enig i

( hverdagslig) forstå hva noen mener, henge med

• are you with me?

forstår du hva jeg mener?

with it ( hverdagslig) moderne, in våken, kvikk i tillegg, dessuten

with that\/this dermed, med det

English-Norwegian dictionary > with
16 of

preposition

1) (indicating belonging, connection, possession)

articles of clothing — Kleidungsstücke

the brother of her father — der Bruder ihres Vaters

a friend of mine/the vicar's — ein Freund von mir/des Pfarrers

that dog of yours — Ihr Hund da

it's no business of theirs — es geht sie nichts an

where's that pencil of mine? — wo ist mein Bleistift?

2) (indicating starting point) von

within a mile of the centre — nicht weiter als eine Meile vom Zentrum entfernt

3) (indicating origin, cause)

it was clever of you to do that — es war klug von dir, das zu tun

the approval of somebody — jemandes Zustimmung

the works of Shakespeare — Shakespeares Werke

4) (indicating material) aus

be made of... — aus... [hergestellt] sein

5) (indicating closer definition, identity, or contents)

a pound of apples — ein Pfund Äpfel

a glass of wine — ein Glas Wein

a painting of the queen — ein Gemälde der Königin

the city of Chicago — die Stadt Chicago

increase of 10 % — Zuwachs/Erhöhung von zehn Prozent

battle of Hastings — Schlacht von od. bei Hastings

your letter of 2 January — Ihr Brief vom 2. Januar

be of value/interest to — von Nutzen/von Interesse od. interessant sein für

the whole of... — der/die/das ganze...

6) (indicating concern, reference)

do not speak of such things — sprich nicht von solchen Dingen

inform somebody of something — jemanden über etwas (Akk.) informieren

well, what of it? — (asked as reply) na und?

7) (indicating objective relation)

his love of his father — seine Liebe zu seinem Vater

8) (indicating description, quality, condition)

a frown of disapproval — ein missbilligendes Stirnrunzeln

work of authority — maßgebendes Werk

a boy of 14 years — ein vierzehnjähriger Junge

9) (indicating classification, selection) von

the five of us — wir fünf

the five of us went there — wir sind zu fünft hingegangen

he of all men — (most unsuitably) ausgerechnet er; (especially) gerade er

here of all places — ausgerechnet hier

of an evening — (coll.) abends

* * *
[əv]
preposition

1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) von

2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) von

3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) von

4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) von

5) (showing: a picture of my father.) von

6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) aus

7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) mit

8) (about: an account of his work.) von

9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) mit

10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) an

11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) Genitiv

12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.) Genitiv

13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) mit

14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) vor

* * *

of

[ɒv, əv, AM ɑ:v, əv]

prep

1. after n (belonging to) von + dat

people \of this island Menschen von dieser Insel

the language \of this country die Sprache dieses Landes

the cause \of the disease die Krankheitsursache

the colour \of her hair ihre Haarfarbe

the government \of India die indische Regierung

a friend \of mine ein Freund von mir

smoking is the worst habit \of mine Rauchen ist meine schlimmste Angewohnheit

this revolting dog \of hers ihr widerlicher Hund

the smell \of roses Rosenduft m

2. after n (expressing relationship) von + dat

an admirer \of Picasso ein Bewunderer Picassos

3. after n (expressing a whole's part) von + dat

five \of her seven kids are boys fünf ihrer sieben Kinder sind Jungen

there were ten \of us on the trip wir waren auf der Reise zu zehnt

nine \of the children came to the show neun Kinder kamen zur Vorstellung

can you please give me more \of the beans? könntest du mir noch etwas von den Bohnen geben?

I don't want to hear any more \of that! ich will nichts mehr davon hören!

he's the best-looking \of the three brothers er sieht von den drei Brüdern am besten aus

a third \of the people ein Drittel der Leute

the whole \of the garden der ganze Garten

the best \of friends die besten Freunde

the days \of the week die Wochentage

all \of us wir alle

all \of us were tired wir waren alle müde

\of all von allen

best \of all, I liked the green one am besten gefiel mir der grüne

that \of all his films is my favourite er gefällt mir von allen seinen Filmen am besten

both \of us wir beide

most \of them die meisten von ihnen

one \of the cleverest eine(r) der Schlauesten

he's one \of the smartest \of the smart er ist einer der Klügsten unter den Klugen

4. after n (expressing quantities)

a bunch \of parsley ein Bund Petersilie nt

a clove \of garlic eine Knoblauchzehe

a cup \of tea eine Tasse Tee

a drop \of rain ein Regentropfen

hundreds \of people Hunderte von Menschen

a kilo \of apples ein Kilo Äpfel nt

a litre \of water ein Liter Wasser m

a lot \of money eine Menge Geld

a piece \of cake ein Stück Kuchen

a pride \of lions ein Rudel Löwen [o Löwenrudel] nt

5. after vb (consisting of) aus + dat

the sweater is made \of the finest lambswool der Pullover ist aus feinster Schafwolle

after n

a land \of ice and snow ein Land aus Eis und Schnee

dresses \of lace and silk Kleider aus Spitze und Seide

a house \of stone ein Steinhaus, ein Haus aus Stein

6. after n (containing) mit + dat

a book \of short stories ein Buch mit Kurzgeschichten

7. after adj (done by) von + dat

that was stupid \of me das war dumm von mir

8. after n (done to)

the massacre \of hundreds \of innocent people das Massaker an Hunderten von Menschen

the destruction \of the rain forest die Zerstörung des Regenwalds

9. after n (suffered by) von + dat

the anguish \of the murdered child's parents die Qualen der Eltern des ermordeten Kindes

the suffering \of millions das Leiden von Millionen

10. (expressing cause)

to die \of sth an etw dat sterben

he died \of cancer er starb an Krebs

\of one's own free will aus freien Stücken, freiwillig

\of oneself von selbst

she would never do such a thing \of herself so etwas würde sie nie von alleine tun

11. (expressing origin)

the works \of Shakespeare die Werke Shakespeares

she is \of noble birth sie ist adliger Abstammung

12. after vb (concerning)

we will notify you \of any further changes wir werden Sie über alle Änderungen informieren

he was accused \of fraud er wurde wegen Betrugs angeklagt

I know \of a guy who could fix that for you ich kenne jemanden, der das für dich reparieren kann

\of her childhood, we know very little wir wissen nur sehr wenig über ihre Kindheit

let's not speak \of this matter lass uns nicht über die Sache reden

speaking \of sb/sth,... wo [o da] wir gerade von jdm/etw sprechen,...

speaking \of time, do you have a watch on? da wir gerade von der Zeit reden, hast du eine Uhr?

after adj

she's often unsure \of herself sie ist sich ihrer selbst oft nicht sicher

I'm really appreciative \of all your help ich bin dir für all deine Hilfe wirklich dankbar

he was worthy \of the medal er hatte die Medaille verdient

I am certain \of that ich bin mir dessen sicher

this is not uncharacteristic \of them das ist für sie nichts Ungewöhnliches

to be afraid \of sb/sth vor jdm/etw Angst haben

to be fond \of swimming gerne schwimmen

to be jealous \of sb auf jdn eifersüchtig sein

to be sick \of sth etw satthaben, von etw dat genug haben

after n

there was no warning \of the danger es gab keine Warnung vor der Gefahr

he has a love \of music er liebt die Musik

he's a doctor \of medicine er ist Doktor der Medizin

the idea \of a just society die Idee einer gerechten Gesellschaft

the memories \of her school years die Erinnerungen an ihre Schuljahre

the pain \of separation der Trennungsschmerz

it's a problem \of space das ist ein Raumproblem

his promises \of loyalty seine Treueversprechen

to be in search \of sb/sth auf der Suche nach jdm/etw sein

she's in search \of a man sie sucht einen Mann

thoughts \of revenge Rachegedanken pl

▪ what \of sb? was ist mit jdm?

and what \of Adrian? was macht eigentlich Adrian?

what \of it? was ist schon dabei?, na und?

13. after n (expressing condition)

on the point [or verge] \of doing sth kurz davor [o im Begriff] sein, etw zu tun

I'm on the point \of telling him off ich werde ihn jetzt gleich rausschmeißen

14. after n (expressing position) von + dat

in the back \of the car hinten im Auto

the zipper was on the back \of the dress der Reißverschluss war hinten am Kleid

on the corner \of the street an der Straßenecke

on the left \of the picture links auf dem Bild

a lake north/south \of the city ein See im Norden/Süden der Stadt

I've never been north \of Edinburgh ich war noch nie nördlich von Edinburgh

on the top \of his head [oben] auf seinem Kopf

15. after n (with respect to scale) von + dat

a rise \of 2% in inflation ein Inflationsanstieg von 2 Prozent

the stocks experienced an average rise \of 5% die Aktien sind im Durchschnitt um 5 % gestiegen

16. (expressing age) von + dat

at the age \of six im Alter von sechs Jahren

he's a man \of about 50 er ist um die 50 Jahre alt

17. after n (denoting example of category)

I hate this kind \of party ich hasse diese Art von Party

the city \of Prague die Stadt Prag

18. after n (typical of)

she has the face \of an angel sie hat ein Gesicht wie ein Engel

the grace \of a dancer die Anmut einer Tänzerin

the love \of a good woman die Liebe einer guten Frau

19. after n (expressing characteristic)

she gave a scream \of terror sie stieß einen Schrei des Entsetzens aus

a man \of honour ein Mann von Ehre

a moment \of silence ein Moment m der Stille

I want a few minutes \of quiet! ich will ein paar Minuten Ruhe!

a subject \of very little interest ein sehr wenig beachtetes Thema

a woman \of great charm and beauty eine Frau von großer Wärme und Schönheit

20. after n (away from) von + dat

we live within a mile \of the city centre wir wohnen eine Meile vom Stadtzentrum entfernt

she came within two seconds \of beating the world record sie hat den Weltrekord nur um zwei Sekunden verfehlt

21. after n (in time phrases)

I got married back in June \of 1957 ich habe im Juni 1957 geheiratet

the eleventh \of March der elfte März

the first \of the month der erste [Tag] des Monats

the most memorable events \of the past decade die wichtigsten Ereignisse des letzten Jahrzehnts

22. after vb (expressing removal)

they were robbed \of all their savings ihnen wurden alle Ersparnisse geraubt

I've him \of that nasty little habit ich habe ihm diese dumme Angewohnheit abgewöhnt

his mother had deprived him \of love seine Mutter hat ihm ihre Liebe vorenthalten

to get rid \of sb jdn loswerden

after adj

the room was devoid \of all furnishings der Raum war ganz ohne Möbel

free \of charge kostenlos, SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR meist gratis

23. after n (apposition) von + dat

this complete idiot \of a man dieser Vollidiot

the month \of June der Monat Juni

the name \of Brown der Name Brown

24. ( dated: during) an + dat

she died \of a Sunday morning sie starb an einem Sonntagmorgen

I like to relax with my favourite book \of an evening ich entspanne mich abends gerne mit meinem Lieblingsbuch

\of late in letzter Zeit

25. AM (to) vor

it's quarter \of five es ist viertel vor fünf [o BRD drei viertel fünf

26.

▶ \of all gerade

Jane, \of all people, is the last one I'd expect to see at the club gerade Jane ist die letzte, die ich in dem Klub erwartet hätte

I can't understand why you live in Ireland, \of all places ich kann nicht verstehen, warum du ausgerechnet in Irland lebst

today \of all days ausgerechnet heute

▶ \of all the cheek [or nerve] das ist doch die Höhe!

▶ to be \of sth:

she is \of the opinion that doctors are only out to experiment sie glaubt, Ärzte möchten nur herumexperimentieren

this work is \of great interest and value diese Arbeit ist sehr wichtig und wertvoll

* * *
[ɒv, əv]
prep

1) (indicating possession or relation) von (+dat), use of gen

the wife of the doctor — die Frau des Arztes, die Frau vom Arzt

a friend of ours — ein Freund/eine Freundin von uns

a painting of the Queen — ein Gemälde nt der or von der Königin

of it — davon

the first of May — der Erste Mai

the first of the month — der Erste (des Monats), der Monatserste

that damn dog of theirs (inf) — ihr verdammter Hund (inf)

it is very kind of you —

it was nasty of him to say that — es war gemein von ihm, das zu sagen

2)

(indicating separation in space or time) south of Paris — südlich von Paris

within a month of his death — einen Monat nach seinem Tod

a quarter of six (US) — Viertel vor sechs

3)

(indicating cause) he died of poison/cancer — er starb an Gift/Krebs

he died of hunger — er verhungerte, er starb hungers

it did not happen of itself (liter) — das ist nicht von selbst or von allein geschehen

it tastes of garlic — es schmeckt nach Knoblauch

she is proud of him — sie ist stolz auf ihn

I am ashamed of it — ich schäme mich dafür

4)

(indicating deprivation, riddance) he was cured of the illness — er wurde von der Krankheit geheilt

trees bare of leaves — Bäume ohne Blätter

free of charge — kostenlos

5) (indicating material) aus

dress made of wool — Wollkleid nt, Kleid nt aus Wolle

6)

(indicating quality, identity etc) house of ten rooms — Haus nt mit zehn Zimmern

man of courage — mutiger Mensch, Mensch m mit Mut

girl of ten — zehnjähriges Mädchen, Mädchen nt von zehn Jahren

a matter of no importance — eine Sache ohne Bedeutung

the city of Paris — die Stadt Paris

person of swarthy complexion — dunkelhäutige Person

a town of narrow streets — eine Stadt mit engen Straßen

where is that rascal of a boy? — wo ist dieser verflixte Bengel?

that idiot of a waiter — dieser Idiot von Kellner

7)

(objective genitive) fear of God — Gottesfurcht f

his love of his father — die Liebe zu seinem Vater

he is a leader of men —

great eaters of fruit — große Obstesser pl

writer of legal articles — Verfasser von juristischen Artikeln

love of money — Liebe zum Geld

8)

(subjective genitive) love of God for man — Liebe Gottes zu den Menschen

affection of a mother — Mutterliebe f

9)

(partitive genitive) the whole of the house — das ganze Haus

half of the house — das halbe Haus

how many of them do you want? — wie viele möchten Sie (davon)?

many of them came — viele (von ihnen) kamen

there were six of us — wir waren zu sechst, wir waren sechs

he is not one of us — er gehört nicht zu uns

one of the best — einer der Besten

he asked the six of us to lunch — er lud uns sechs zum Mittagessen ein

of the ten only one was absent — von den zehn fehlte nur einer

today of all days — ausgerechnet heute

you of all people ought to know — gerade Sie sollten das wissen

they are the best of friends — sie sind die besten Freunde

the best of teachers — der (aller)beste Lehrer

the bravest of the brave —

he drank of the wine (liter) — er trank von dem Weine (liter)

10)

(= concerning) what do you think of him? — was halten Sie von ihm?

what has become of him? — was ist aus ihm geworden?

he warned us of the danger — er warnte uns vor der Gefahr

doctor of medicine — Doktor der Medizin

what of it? — ja und?

11) (obs, liter

= by) forsaken of men — von allen verlassen

beloved of all — von allen geliebt

12)

(in temporal phrases) he's become very quiet of late — er ist letztlich or seit Neuestem so ruhig geworden

they go out of an evening (inf) — sie gehen abends (schon mal) aus

he died of a Saturday morning (dial) — er starb an einem Samstagmorgen

* * *

of [ɒv; əv; US əv; ɑv] präp

1. allg von

2. zur Bezeichnung des Genitivs:

the tail of the dog der Schwanz des Hundes;

the tail of a dog der oder ein Hundeschwanz;

the folly of his action die Dummheit seiner Handlung

3. Ort: bei:

the Battle of Hastings

4. Entfernung, Trennung, Befreiung:

a) von:

south of London südlich von London;

within ten miles of London im Umkreis von 10 Meilen um London;

cure (rid) of sth von etwas heilen (befreien)

b) (gen) he was robbed of his wallet er wurde seiner Brieftasche beraubt, ihm wurde die Brieftasche geraubt

c) um:

cheat sb of sth

5. Herkunft: von, aus:

of good family aus einer guten Familie;

Mr X of London Mr. X aus London

6. Teil: von oder gen:

the best of my friends;

a friend of mine ein Freund von mir, einer meiner Freunde;

that red nose of his seine rote Nase

7. Eigenschaft: von, mit:

a man of courage ein mutiger Mann, ein Mann mit Mut;

a man of no importance ein unbedeutender Mensch;

a fool of a man ein (ausgemachter) Narr

8. Stoff: aus, von:

a dress of silk ein Kleid aus oder von Seide, ein Seidenkleid;

(made) of steel aus Stahl (hergestellt), stählern, Stahl…

9. Urheberschaft, Art und Weise: von:

the works of Byron;

it was clever of him;

of o.s. von selbst, von sich aus;

he has a son of his first marriage er hat einen Sohn aus erster Ehe

10. Ursache, Grund:

a) von, an (dat):

die of cancer an Krebs sterben

b) aus:

of charity

c) vor (dat): → academic.ru/1052/afraid">afraid

d) auf (akk):

be proud of

e) über (akk):

be ashamed of

f) nach:

smell of

11. Beziehung: hinsichtlich (gen):

it is true of every case das trifft in jedem Fall zu

12. Thema:

a) von, über (akk):

speak of sth

b) an (akk):

think of sth

13. Apposition, im Deutschen nicht ausgedrückt:

a) the city of London die Stadt London;

the month of April der Monat April

b) Maß:

a piece of meat ein Stück Fleisch

14. Genitivus obiectivus:

a) zu:

the love of God

b) vor (dat): → fear A 3

c) bei:

an audience of the king eine Audienz beim König

15. Zeit:

a) umg an (dat), in (dat):

of an evening eines Abends;

of late years in den letzten Jahren

b) von:

your letter of March 3rd Ihr Schreiben vom 3. März

c) US vor (bei Zeitangaben):

ten of three

* * *

preposition

1) (indicating belonging, connection, possession)

articles of clothing — Kleidungsstücke

the brother of her father — der Bruder ihres Vaters

a friend of mine/the vicar's — ein Freund von mir/des Pfarrers

that dog of yours — Ihr Hund da

it's no business of theirs — es geht sie nichts an

where's that pencil of mine? — wo ist mein Bleistift?

2) (indicating starting point) von

within a mile of the centre — nicht weiter als eine Meile vom Zentrum entfernt

3) (indicating origin, cause)

it was clever of you to do that — es war klug von dir, das zu tun

the approval of somebody — jemandes Zustimmung

the works of Shakespeare — Shakespeares Werke

4) (indicating material) aus

be made of... — aus... [hergestellt] sein

5) (indicating closer definition, identity, or contents)

a pound of apples — ein Pfund Äpfel

a glass of wine — ein Glas Wein

a painting of the queen — ein Gemälde der Königin

the city of Chicago — die Stadt Chicago

increase of 10 % — Zuwachs/Erhöhung von zehn Prozent

battle of Hastings — Schlacht von od. bei Hastings

your letter of 2 January — Ihr Brief vom 2. Januar

be of value/interest to — von Nutzen/von Interesse od. interessant sein für

the whole of... — der/die/das ganze...

6) (indicating concern, reference)

do not speak of such things — sprich nicht von solchen Dingen

inform somebody of something — jemanden über etwas (Akk.) informieren

well, what of it? — (asked as reply) na und?

7) (indicating objective relation)

his love of his father — seine Liebe zu seinem Vater

8) (indicating description, quality, condition)

a frown of disapproval — ein missbilligendes Stirnrunzeln

work of authority — maßgebendes Werk

a boy of 14 years — ein vierzehnjähriger Junge

9) (indicating classification, selection) von

the five of us — wir fünf

the five of us went there — wir sind zu fünft hingegangen

he of all men — (most unsuitably) ausgerechnet er; (especially) gerade er

here of all places — ausgerechnet hier

of an evening — (coll.) abends

* * *

prep.

aus präp.

von präp.

vor präp.

über präp.

English-german dictionary > of
17 fight

fight [faɪt]

bagarre ⇒ 1 (a) dispute ⇒ 1 (a) combativité ⇒ 1 (b) se battre contre ⇒ 2 se battre ⇒ 3 combattre ⇒ 3 se disputer ⇒ 3

(pt & pp fought [fɔ:t])

1 noun

(a) (physical) bagarre f; (verbal) dispute f; (of army, boxer) combat m, affrontement m; (against disease, poverty etc) lutte f, combat m;

∎ the fight for life la lutte pour la vie;

∎ her fight against cancer sa lutte contre le cancer;

∎ the fight for the leadership of the party la lutte pour la tête du parti;

∎ do you want a fight? tu veux te battre?;

∎ he enjoys a good fight (physical) il aime la bagarre ou les bagarres; (verbal) il aime les disputes; (boxing match) il aime les bons combats de boxe;

∎ to have or to get into a fight with sb (physical) se battre avec qn; (verbal) se disputer avec qn;

∎ they are always having fights ils sont toujours en train de se bagarrer ou se disputer;

∎ you've been in a fight again tu t'es encore battu ou bagarré;

∎ to pick a fight (with sb) chercher la bagarre (avec qn);

∎ are you trying to pick a fight (with me)? tu me provoques?, tu cherches la bagarre?;

∎ a fight to the death une lutte à mort;

∎ are you going to the fight? (boxing match) est-ce que tu vas voir le combat?;

∎ to put up a (good) fight (bien) se défendre;

∎ the boxer put up a great fight le boxeur s'est défendu avec acharnement;

∎ to make a fight of it se défendre avec acharnement;

∎ to give in without (putting up) a fight capituler sans (opposer de) résistance;

∎ he realized he would have a fight on his hands il s'est rendu compte qu'il allait devoir lutter

(b) (fighting spirit) combativité f;

∎ there's not much fight left in him il a perdu beaucoup de sa combativité;

∎ he still has a lot of fight left in him il n'a pas dit son dernier mot;

∎ the news of the defeat took all the fight out of us la nouvelle de la défaite nous a fait perdre tout cœur à nous battre ou nous a enlevé le courage de nous battre;

∎ to show fight montrer de la combativité, ne pas se laisser faire

2 transitive verb

(person, animal) se battre contre; (boxer) combattre (contre), se battre contre; (match) disputer; (disease, terrorism, fire etc) lutter contre, combattre; (new measure, decision) combattre; (illness, temptation) lutter contre;

∎ to fight a duel se battre en duel;

∎ to fight a battle livrer (une) bataille;

∎ figurative I'm not going to fight your battles for you c'est à toi de te débrouiller;

∎ to fight a court case (lawyer) défendre une cause; (plaintiff, defendant) être en procès;

∎ to fight an election (politician) se présenter à une élection;

∎ British to fight an election campaign mener une campagne électorale;

∎ British John Brown is fighting Smithtown for the Tories John Brown se présente à Smithtown pour les conservateurs;

∎ I'll fight you for it on réglera ça par une bagarre;

∎ I'll fight you for custody je me battrai contre toi pour obtenir la garde des enfants;

∎ to fight a losing battle (against sth) livrer une bataille perdue d'avance (contre qch);

∎ Religion to fight the good fight combattre pour la bonne cause;

∎ she fought the urge to laugh elle essayait de réprimer une forte envie de rire;

∎ don't fight it (pain, emotion) n'essaie pas de lutter;

∎ you've got to fight it il faut que tu te battes;

∎ to fight sb/a newspaper in court emmener qn/un journal devant les tribunaux, faire un procès à qn/à un journal;

∎ to fight one's way through the crowd/the undergrowth se frayer un passage à travers la foule/les broussailles;

∎ to fight one's way to the top of one's profession se battre pour atteindre le sommet de sa profession;

∎ he fought his way back to power c'est en luttant qu'il est revenu au pouvoir

3 intransitive verb

(physically → person, soldier) se battre; (→ boxer) combattre; (→ two boxers) s'affronter; (verbally) se disputer; (against disease, injustice, sleep etc) lutter;

∎ to fight against the enemy combattre l'ennemi;

∎ to fight to the death/the last se battre à mort/jusqu'à la fin;

∎ he fought in the war il a fait la guerre;

∎ Military he fought in Russia il s'est battu en Russie;

∎ they were fighting with each other (physically) ils étaient en train de se battre; (verbally) ils étaient en train de se disputer;

∎ they were fighting over some islands/who would sleep where ils se battaient pour des îles/pour décider qui allait dormir où;

∎ they were always fighting over or about money ils se disputaient toujours pour des problèmes d'argent;

∎ the children were fighting over the last biscuit les enfants se disputaient (pour avoir) le dernier biscuit;

∎ to fight for one's country se battre pour sa patrie;

∎ to fight for one's rights/to clear one's name lutter pour ses droits/pour prouver son innocence;

∎ they fought for the leadership of the party ils se sont disputé la direction du parti;

∎ he fought for breath il se débattait ou il luttait pour respirer;

∎ to fight for one's life (ill person) lutter contre la mort; figurative (in race, competition) se battre avec la dernière énergie, se démener;

∎ to go down fighting se battre jusqu'au bout;

∎ to fight shy of doing sth tout faire pour éviter de faire qch;

∎ to fight shy of sb éviter qn

►► the fight game la boxe

➲ fight back

1 intransitive verb

(in physical or verbal dispute) se défendre, riposter; (in boxing, football match) se reprendre; (in race) revenir

2 separable transitive verb

(tears) refouler; (despair, fear, laughter) réprimer

➲ fight down separable transitive verb

(passion, resistance) vaincre; (impulse, urge) réprimer

➲ fight off separable transitive verb

(attack, enemy, advances) repousser; (sleep) combattre; (disease) résister à;

∎ she has to fight men off (has a lot of admirers) elle a des admirateurs à la pelle ou à ne plus savoir qu'en faire

➲ fight on intransitive verb

continuer le combat

➲ fight out separable transitive verb

∎ just leave them to fight it out laisse-les se bagarrer et régler cela entre eux

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > fight
18 Kegel, Karl

SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology

[br]

b. 19 May 1876 Magdeburg, Germany

d. 5 March 1959 Freiberg, Saxony, Germany

[br]

German professor of mining who established the mining of lignite as a discipline in the science of mining.

[br]

Within the long tradition of celebrated teachers at the Mining Academy in Freiberg, Kegel can be considered as probably the last professor teaching the science of mining who was able to cover all the different disciplines. As was the case with a number of his predecessors, he was able to combine theoretical research work with the teaching of students and to support his theories with the practical experience of industry. He has apprenticed at the Mansfeld copper mines, went to the School of Mines at Eisleben (1896–8), worked as an engineer with various mining companies and thereafter became a scholar of the Berlin Mining Academy (1901–4). For twelve years he taught at the Bochum School of Mining until, in 1918, he was appointed Professor of Mining at Freiberg. There, one year later, as a new approach, he introduced lectures on brown-coal mining and mineral economics. He remained Professor at Freiberg until his first retirement in 1941, although he was active again between 1945 and 1951.

In 1924 Kegel took over a department at the State Research Institute for Brown Coal in Freiberg which he extended into the Institute for Briquetting. In this field his main achievement lies in the initially questioned theory that producing briquettes from lignite is a molecular process rather than the result of bituminous factors. This perception, among others, led Rammler to produce coke from lignite in 1951. Kegel's merits result from having established all the aspects of mining and using lignite as an independent subdiscipline of mining science, based on substantial theories and an innovative understanding of applied technologies.

[br]

Bibliography

1912, Bergmännische Wasserwirtschaft, Halle (Saale). 1931, Lehrbuch der Bergwirtschaft, Berlin.

1941, Bergmännische Gebirgsmechanik, Halle (Saale). 1948, Brikettierung der Braunkohle, Halle (Saale).

1953, Lehrbuch des Braunkohlentagebaus, Halle (Saale).

Further Reading

E.Kroker, "Karl Kegel", Neue deutsche Biographie, Vol. XI, p. 394 (a reliable short account).

Bergakademie Freiberg (ed.), 1976, Karl Kegel 1876–1959. Festschrift aus Anlaß seines

100. Geburtstages, Leipzig (contains substantial biographical information).

WK

Biographical history of technology > Kegel, Karl
19 right

1. n

1) правильність; правота; справедливість

to defend the right — захищати справедливу справу

to do smb. right — поводитися з кимсь справедливо

2) право, привілей

civil rights — громадянські права

fundamental rights — основні права

human rights — права людини

natural rights of man — природні права людини

State right — амер. автономія окремих штатів США

treaty right s — договірні права

right of action — юр. право на позов

right of asylum, rights of sanctuary, sanctuary rights — право притулку

right of Chapel — право вільного виконання релігійного культу в окремому приміщенні посольства (місії)

right of common — право на спільне користування (чимсь); спільне право (на щось)

right of legation — право посольства

right of nations to self-determination — право націй на самовизначення

right of passage — право проїзду (проходу)

right of pursuit — право переслідування

right of search — право обшуку

right of visit (of visitation) — мор. право огляду суден

right of veto — право вето

right of war — юр. право вдаватися до війни

right to rest — право на відпочинок

right to serve — спорт. право подачі м'яча

right to work — право на працю

rights and duties — права і обов'язки

by right — по праву, справедливо

to reserve the right — залишати за собою право

3) pl дійсні факти, справжній стан речей

the rights of a case — стан справ

4) pl порядок

to set (to bring, to put) to rights — а) навести порядок, дати лад; б) відновити сили, вилікувати

5) правий бік, права сторона

to turn to the right — повернути праворуч

6) військ. правий фланг

7) (the R.) права партія; праві консерватори

8) права рука; удар правою рукою (бокс)

9) права рукавичка; правий черевик тощо

by right or wrong — усіма правдами й неправдами

2. adj

1) правий; справедливий

to be right — мати рацію, бути правим

2) правильний

can you tell me the right time? — скажіть мені, будь ласка, точно, котра зараз година

3) належний, підхожий; доречний

the right size — потрібний розмір

the right man in the right place — людина на своєму місці

not the right Mr. Brown — (це) не той містер Браун

4) здоровий, у доброму стані; справний

to feel all right — добре себе почувати

he is all right — а) у нього все гаразд; б) він почуває себе добре

5) найзручніший, найкращий

are you right now? — чи зручно вам тепер?

6) прямий (про лінію тощо)

7) лицьовий; правий (про бік тканини)

right side up — лицьовим боком наверх

8) чесний, праведний

9) законний

Miss R. — суджена, майбутня дружина

Mr. R. — суджений, майбутній чоловік

on the right side of 40 — молодший за 40 років

to get it right — зрозуміти правильно

that's right — правильно, цілком справедливо

right as rain — цілком здоровий, у доброму стані

3. adv

1) справедливо

it serves him right — так йому й треба

2) правильно

to guess right — догадатися, відгадати

3) належним чином; як слід

do it right or not at all — робіть це як слід або не беріться зовсім

4) точно, якраз

right in the middle — точно посередині

5) прямо

right opposite — прямо навпроти

6) направо, праворуч

right step! — крок праворуч! (команда)

7) цілком, повністю

right to the end — до самого кінця

8) дуже

a right cunning worker — дуже вправний працівник

the R. Honourable — вельмишановний

the R. Reverend — його високопреподобіє

right away (амер. right off) — негайно

right here — а) якраз тут; б) у цю хвилину

right now — в цю мить

right off the bat — амер. з місця в кар'єр

come right in — амер. заходьте

about right — належним чином, правильно

to put (to set) oneself right with smb. — а) помиритися з кимсь; б) здобути чиюсь прихильність

4. v

1) відновлювати справедливість

to right a wrong — відновити справедливість

2) захищати права

to right the oppressed — захищати права пригноблених

3) виправляти (помилку тощо)

4) вирівнювати

to right oneself — а) вирівнюватися; б) реабілітувати себе

5) приводити в порядок

to right a room — прибирати кімнату

6) компенсувати, відшкодовувати (втрати)

* * *
I [rait] n
1) правильність, правота, справедливість

2) право; привілей

treaty rights — договірні права

right of action — юp. право на позов

right of passage — право проїзду, проходу

right of common — право на спільне користування ( чим-небудь)

by right (s) — по праву, справедливо

3) pl право на розробку або експлуатацію чого-небудь; право на використання твору мистецтва

4) pl дійсні факти, справжнє положення речей

5) pl порядок
II [rait] a
1) правий, справедливий

2) вірний, правильний

3) належний; підходящий, доречний

4) здоровий, у гарному стані; справний

to be all right — бути в порядку; почуватися добре

to set things right — улагодити справи

5) ( часто with) найбільш зручний, кращий

6) прямий (про лінію, кут)

7) лицьовий, правий ( про сторону матерії)

8) праведний

9) часто який займає положення в суспільстві
III [rait] adv
1) справедливо

2) вірно, правильно

3) належним чином

4) точно, саме

right in the middle — саме /точно/ в середині

5) прямо; відразу

right opposite — прямо навпроти

right after lunch — відразу після сніданку

6) зовсім, повністю, цілком

right to the end — до самого кінця; icт. дуже

right now — у цей момент; зараз, сьогодні ж, відразу

right away, амер. right off — відразу, негайно
IV [rait] v
1) виправляти; відновлювати справедливість

2) захищати права

3) виправляти ( помилки)

4) випрямляти

to right oneself — випрямлюватися; реабілітувати себе; випрямлюватися

5) упорядковувати; наводити лад

6) компенсувати ( що-небудь), відшкодовувати ( збитки)
V [rait] n
1) права сторона

to keep to the right — триматися правої сторони

2) вiйcьк. правий фланг

3) ( the Right) політ. права партія, праві, консерватори

4) удар правою рукою; права рука ( бокс)

5) права рукавичка, правий черевик
VI [rait] a
1) правий

to the right hand — праворуч

right turn — правий поворот

right driving — правосторонній рух

right back — правий захисник ( футбол)

2) політ. ( часто Right) правий; реакційний
VII [rait] adv
праворуч

English-Ukrainian dictionary > right
20 INTRODUCTION

   For a small country perched on the edge of western Europe but with an early history that began more than 2,000 years ago, there is a vast bibliography extant in many languages. Since general reference works with bibliography on Portugal are few, both principal and minor works are included. In the first edition, works in English, and a variety of Portuguese language works that are counted as significant if not always classic, were included. In the second and third editions, more works in Portuguese are added.

   It is appropriate that most of the works cited in some sections of the bibliograpy are in English, but this pattern should be put in historical perspective. Since the late 1950s, the larger proportion of foreign-language works on Portugal and the Portuguese have been in English. But this was not the case before World War II. As a whole, there were more studies in French, with a smaller number in German, Italian, and Spanish, than in English. Most of the materials published today on all aspects of this topic continue to be in Portuguese, but English-language works have come to outnumber the other non-Portuguese language studies. In addition to books useful to a variety of students, a selection of classic works of use to the visitor, tourist, and foreign resident of Portugal, as well as to those interested in Portuguese communities overseas, have been included.

   Readers will note that publishers' names are omitted from some Portuguese citations as well as from a number of French works. There are several reasons for this. First, in many of the older sources, publishers no longer exist and are difficult to trace. Second, the names of the publishers have been changed in some cases and are also difficult to trace. Third, in many older books and periodicals, printers' names but not publishers were cited, and identifying the publishers is virtually impossible.

   Some recommended classic titles for beginners are in historical studies: José Hermano Saraiva, Portugal: A Companion History (1997); A. H. de Oliveira Marques, History of Portugal (1976 ed.), general country studies in two different historical eras: Sarah Bradford, Portugal (1973) and Marion Kaplan, The Portuguese: The Land and Its People (2002 and later editions); political histories, Antônio de Figueiredo, Portugal: Fifty Years of Dictatorship (1975) and Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926) (1978; 1998). On Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974 and contemporary history and politics: Kenneth Maxwell, The Making of Portuguese Democracy (1995); Phil Mailer, The Impossible Revolution (1977); Richard A. H. Robinson, Contemporary Portugal: A History (1979); Lawrence S. Graham and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.), In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences (1983); Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler (eds.), Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and its Antecedents (1979). On contemporary Portuguese society, see Antonio Costa Pinto (ed.), Contemporary Portugal: Politics, Society, Culture (2003).

   Enduring works on the history of Portugal's overseas empire include: C. R. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825 (1969 and later editions); and Bailey W. Diffie and George Winius, The Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580 (1977); on Portugal and the Age of Discoveries: Charles Ley (ed.), Portuguese Voyages 1498-1663 (2003). For a new portrait of the country's most celebrated figure of the Age of Discoveries, see Peter Russell, Prince Henry 'The Navigator': A Life (2000). A still useful geographical study about a popular tourist region is Dan Stanislawski's Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve (1963). A fine introduction to a region of rural southern Portugal is José Cutileiro's A Portuguese Rural Society (1971).

   Early travel account classics are Almeida Garrett, Travels in My Homeland (1987) and William Beckford, Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha (1969 and later editions). On travel and living in Portugal, see Susan Lowndes Marques and Ann Bridge, The Selective Traveller in Portugal (1968 and later editions); David Wright and Patrick Swift, Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide (1968 and later editions); Sam Ballard and Jane Ballard, Pousadas of Portugal (1986); Richard Hewitt, A Cottage in Portugal (1996);

   Ian Robertson, Portugal: The Blue Guide (1988 and later editions); and Anne de Stoop, Living in Portugal (1995). Fine reads on some colorful, foreign travellers in Portugal are found in Rose Macauley, They Went to Portugal (1946 and later editions) and They Went to Portugal Too (1990). An attractive blend of historical musing and current Portugal is found in Paul Hyland's, Backing Out of the Big World: Voyage to Portugal (1996); Datus Proper's The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal (1992); and Portugal's 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, José Sarmago, writes in Journey through Portugal (2001).

   For aspects of Portuguese literature in translation, see Aubrey F. G. Bell, The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse (1952 edition by B. Vidigal); José Maria Eça de Queirós, The Maias (2007 and earlier editions); and José Sara-mago's Baltasar and Blimunda (1985 and later editions), as well as many other novels by this, Portugal's most celebrated living novelist. See also Landeg White's recent translation of the national 16th century epic of Luis de Camóes, The Lusiads (1997). A classic portrait of the arts in Portugal during the country's imperial age is Robert C. Smith's The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800 (1968).

   For those who plan to conduct research in Portugal, the premier collection of printed books, periodicals, and manuscripts is housed in the country's national library, the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, in Lisbon. Other important collections are found in the libraries of the major universities in Coimbra, Lisbon, and Oporto, and in a number of foundations and societies. For the history of the former colonial empire, the best collection of printed materials remains in the library of Lisbon's historic Geography Society, the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Lisbon; and for documents there is the state-run colonial archives, the Arquivo Historico Ultramarino, in Restelo, near Lisbon. Other government records are deposited in official archives, such as those for foreign relations in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, housed in Necessidades Palace, Lisbon.

   For researchers in North America, the best collections of printed materials on Portugal are housed in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; New York Public Library, New York City; Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois; and in university libraries including those of Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Brown, Indiana, Illinois, University of California at Los Angeles, University of California - Berkeley, University of California - Santa Barbara, Stanford, Florida State, Duke, University of New Hampshire, Durham, University of Toronto, University of Ottawa, McGill, and University of British Columbia. Records dealing with Portuguese affairs are found in U.S. government archives, including, for instance, those in the National Archives and Record Service (NARS), housed in Washington, D.C.

   BIBLIOGRAPHIES

   ■ Academia Portuguesa de História. Guia Bibliográfica Histórica Portuguesa. Vol. I-?. Lisbon, 1954-.

   ■ Anselmo, Antônio Joaquim. Bibliografia das bibliografias portuguesas. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional, 1923.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Portuguese Bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Borchardt, Paul. La Bibliographie de l'Angola, 1500-1900. Brussels, 1912. Chilcote, Ronald H., ed. and comp. The Portuguese Revolution of 25 April 1974. Annotated bibliography on the antecedents and aftermath. Coimbra: Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, Universidade de Coimbra, 1987. Cintra, Maria Adelaide Valle. Bibliografia de textos medievais portugueses. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filolôgicos, 1960.

   ■ Costa, Mário. Bibliografia Geral de Moçambique. Lisbon, 1945. Coutinho, Bernardo Xavier da Costa. Bibliographie franco-portugaise: Essai d'une bibliographie chronologique de livres français sur le Portugal. Oporto: Lopes da Silva, 1939.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W. "A Bibliography of the Principal Published Guides to Portuguese Archives and Libraries," Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Luso-Brazilian Studies. Nashville, Tenn., 1953. Gallagher, Tom. Dictatorial Portugal, 1926-1974: A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1979.

   ■ Gibson, Mary Jane. Portuguese Africa: A Guide to Official Publications. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1967. Greenlee, William B. "A Descriptive Bibliography of the History of Portugal." Hispanic American Historical Review XX (August 1940): 491-516. Gulbenkian, Fundação Calouste. Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira. Vol. 1-15. Lisbon, 1960-74.

   ■ Instituto Camoes. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade De Coimbra. Repertorio Bibliografico da Historiografia Portuguesa ( 1974-1994). Coimbra:

   ■ Instituto Camoes; Universidade de Coimbra, 1995. Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar. Bibliografia Da Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar Sobre Ciências Humanas E Sociais. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar, 1975. Kettenring, Norman E., comp. A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations on Portuguese Topics Completed in the United States and Canada, 1861-1983.

   ■ Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1984. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.

   ■ Laidlar, John. Lisbon. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 199. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1997.. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71, rev. ed. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 2000.

   ■ Lomax, William. Revolution in Portugal: 1974-1976. A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1978.

   ■ McCarthy, Joseph M. Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands: A Comprehensive Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1977.

   ■ Moniz, Miguel. Azores. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 221. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1999.

   ■ Nunes, José Lúcio, and José Júlio Gonçalves. Bibliografia Histórico-Militar do Ultramar Portugües. Lisbon, 1956. Pélissier, René. Bibliographies sur l'Afrique Luso-Hispanophone 1800-1890.

   ■ Orgeval, France: 1980. Portuguese Studies. London. 1984-. Annual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. No. 1-23 (1976-90). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Review. Vols. 1-9 (1991-2001). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semi-Annual.. Vols. 10- (2002-). Durham, N.H.: Trent University; Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

   ■ Rocha, Natércia. Bibliografia geral da Literatura Portuguesa para Crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Rogers, Francis Millet, and David T. Haberly. Brazil, Portugal and Other Portuguese-Speaking Lands: A List of Books Primarily in English. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.

   ■ Santos, Manuel dos. Bibliografia geral ou descrição bibliográfica de livros tantos de autores portugueses como brasileiros e muitos outras nacionalidades, impressos desde o século XV até à actualidade, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1914-25.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. A Bibliography on the Madeira Islands. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1987.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and G. Lavigne. Os portugueses no Canadá: Uma bibliografia ( 1953-1996). Lisbon: Direção-Geral dos Assuntos Consulares e Comunidades Portuguesas, 1998.

   ■ University of Coimbra, Faculty of Letters. Bibliografia Anual de História de Portugal. Vol. 1. [sources published beginning in 1989- ] Coimbra: Grupo de História; Faculdade de Letras; Universidade de Coimbra, 1992-.

   ■ Unwin, P. T. H., comp. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71. Oxford, U.K.: ABC-Clio Press, 1987.

   ■ Viera, David J., et al., comp. The Portuguese in the United States ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1990.

   ■ Welsh, Doris Varner, comp. A Catalogue of the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portuguese History and Literature and the Portuguese Materials in the Newberry Library. Chicago: Newberry Library, 1953.

   ■ Wiarda, Iêda Siqueira, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Washington, D.C.: Xlibris, 2000.

   ■ Wilgus, A. Curtis. Latin America, Spain & Portugal: A Selected & Annotated Bibliographical Guide to Books Published 1954-1974. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1977.

   ■ Winius, George. "Bibliographical Essay: A Treasury of Printed Source Materials Pertaining to the XV and XVI Centuries." In George Winius, ed., Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World, 1300-ca. 1600, 373-401. Madison, Wis.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PERIODICALS RELATING TO PORTUGAL

   ■ Africana. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Africa Report. New York. Monthly or bimonthly.

   ■ Africa Today. Denver, Colo. Quarterly.

   ■ Agenda Cultural. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Almanaque do Exército. Lisbon, 1912-40.

   ■ American Historical Review. Washington, D.C. Quarterly.

   ■ Anais da Académia Portuguesa da História. Lisbon.

   ■ Anais das Bibliotecas e Arquivos. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Análise do sector público administrativo e empresarial. Lisbon. Quarterly. Análise Social. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese News. Monte Estoril and Lisbon. 1937-2003. Biweekly and weekly.

   ■ Antropológicas. Oporto. 1998-. Semiannual. Anuário Católico de Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Archipélago. Revista do Instituto Universitário dos Açores. Punta Delgado. Semiannual. Architectural Digest. New York. Monthly. Archivum. Paris. Quarterly. Arqueologia. Oporto. Annual.

   ■ Arqueólogo Portugües, O. Lisbon. 1958-. Semiannual Arquivo das Colónias. Lisbon. 1917-33. Arquivo de Beja. Beja. Annual. Arquivo Histórico Portuguez. Lisbon.

   ■ Arquivos da Memória. Lisbon. 1997-. Semiannual.

   ■ Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües [Fundação Gulbenkian, Paris]. Paris. Annual.

   ■ Avante! Lisbon. Portuguese Communist Party. Daily. Biblos. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Boletim da Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa. Lisbon. Boletim da Agência Geral das Colónias. Lisbon.

   ■ Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon Quarterly; Bimonthly.

   ■ Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal. Oporto. Annual.

   ■ Boletim de Estudos Operários. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Boletim do Arquivo Histórico Militar. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Azores Islands. Semiannual. Boletim Geral do Ultramar. Lisbon. Bracara Augusta. Braga. Brigantia. Lisbon. 1990-. Semiannual.

   ■ British Bulletin of Publications on Latin America... Portugal and Spain. London. 1949-. Semiannual. British Historical Society of Portugal. Annual Report and Review. Lisbon. Brotéria. Lisbon. Quarterly. Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises. Paris. Quarterly.

   ■ Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises et de l'Institut Français au Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Cadernos de Arqueologia. Braga. Semiannual and annual. Monographs.

   ■ Cadernos do Noroeste. Braga, University of Minho. Semiannual.

   ■ Camões Center Quarterly. New York.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Clio. Lisbon. 1996-. Annual.

   ■ Clio-Arqueologia. Lisbon. 1983-. Annual.

   ■ Colóquio/ Artes. Lisbon. Gulbenkian Foundation. Quarterly.

   ■ Colóquio/ Letras. Lisbon. Gulbenkian Foundation. Quarterly.

   ■ Conimbriga. Coimbra.

   ■ Cultura. London. Quarterly.

   ■ Democracia e Liberdade. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Dia, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Diário da Assembleia Nacional e Constituente. Lisbon. 1911.

   ■ Diário da Câmara de Deputados. Lisbon. 1911-26.

   ■ Diário de Lisboa. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Diário de Notícias. Lisbon. Daily newspaper of record.

   ■ Diário do Governo. Lisbon. 1910-74.

   ■ Diário do Senado. Lisbon. 1911-26.

   ■ Documentos. Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril. Coimbra. Quarterly.

   ■ E-Journal of Portuguese History. Providence, R.I. Quarterly.

   ■ Economia. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Economia e Finanças. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Economia e Sociologia. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Economist, The. London. Weekly magazine.

   ■ Estratégia Internacional. Lisbon.

   ■ Estudos Contemporâneos. Lisbon.

   ■ Estudos de economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Estudos históricos e económicos. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Estudos Medievais. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Estudos Orientais. Lisbon, 1990. Semiannual.

   ■ Ethnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Ethnologie Française. Paris. Quarterly.

   ■ Ethnos. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ European History Quarterly. Lancaster, U.K., 1970-. Quarterly.

   ■ Expresso. Lisbon. 1973-. Weekly newspaper.

   ■ Facts and Reports. Amsterdam. Collected press clippings.

   ■ Financial Times. London. Daily; special supplements on Portugal.

   ■ Finisterra. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Flama. Lisbon. Monthly magazine.

   ■ Garcia de Orta. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Gaya. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Geographica: Revista da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Hispania. USA. Quarterly.

   ■ Hispania Antiqua. Madrid. Semiannual.

   ■ Hispanic American Historical Review. Chapel Hill, N.C. Quarterly. História. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Iberian Studies. Nottingham, U.K. Quarterly or Semiannual.

   ■ Indicadores económicos. Lisbon. Bank of Portugal. Monthly. Ingenium. Revista da Ordem dos Engenheiros. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ International Journal of Iberian Studies. London and Glasgow, 1987-. Semiannual.

   ■ Illustração Portugueza. Lisbon. 1911-1930s. Magazine. Instituto, O. Coimbra. Annual.

   ■ Itinerário. Leiden (Netherlands). 1976-. Semiannual. Jornal, O. Lisbon. Weekly newspaper. Jornal de Letras, O. Lisbon. Weekly culture supplement. Jornal do Fundão. Fundão, Beira Alta. Weekly newspaper. Journal of European Economic History. Quarterly.

   ■ Journal of Modern History. Chicago, Ill. Quarterly.

   ■ Journal of Southern European Society & Politics. Athens, Greece. 1995-. Quarterly.

   ■ Journal of the American Portuguese Culture Society. New York. 1966-81. Semiannual or annual. Ler História. Lisbon. Quarterly. Lisboa: Revista Municipal. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Lusíada: Revista trimestral de ciência e cultura. Lisbon. 1989-. Three times a year.

   ■ Lusitania Sacra. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Luso-Americano, O. Newark, N.J. Weekly newspaper.

   ■ Luso-Brazilian Review. Madison, Wisc. 1964-. Semiannual.

   ■ Lusotopie. Paris. 1995-. Annual.

   ■ Nova economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Numismática. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Oceanos. Lisbon. Bimonthly.

   ■ Ocidente. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Olisipo. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Ordem do Exército. Lisbon. 1926-74. Monthly.

   ■ Penélope. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Política Internacional. Lisbon. 1990-. Quarterly.

   ■ Portugal. Annuário Estatístico do Ultramar. Lisbon. 1950-74.

   ■ Portugal em Africa. Lisbon. 1894-1910. Bimonthly.

   ■ Portugal socialista. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Portugália. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese & Colonial Bulletin. London. 1961-74. Quarterly. Portuguese Studies. London. 1985-. Annual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. Durham, N.H. 1976-90. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese Studies Review. Durham, N.H. 1991-2001; Trent, Ont. 2002-. Semiannual.

   ■ Portuguese Times. New Bedford, Mass. Weekly newspaper.

   ■ Povo Livre. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Primeiro do Janeiro. Oporto. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Quaderni Portoghesi. Rome. 1974-. Semiannual.

   ■ Race. A Journal of Race and Group Relations. London. Quarterly.

   ■ Recherches en Anthropologie au Portugal. Paris. 1995-. Annual.

   ■ República, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais. Coimbra. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista da Biblioteca Nacional. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Lisbon. Quarterly. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista da Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Quarterly. Revista de Ciência Política. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Ciências Agrárias. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Economia. Lisbon. 1953-. Three times a year. Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses. Lisbon. Annual. Revista de Estudos Históricos. Rio de Janeiro. Semiannual. Revista de Guimarães. Guimarães. Semiannual. Revista de História. São Paulo, Brazil. Semiannual. Revista de História Económica e Social. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista de Infanteria. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Revista Lusitana. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista Militar. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Revista Portuguesa de História. Coimbra. Quarterly.

   ■ Revue Geographique des Pyrenees et du Sud-Ouest. Paris. Semiannual.

   ■ Sábado. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.

   ■ Seara Nova. Lisbon. 1921-. Bimonthly.

   ■ Século, O. Lisbon. Daily Newspaper.

   ■ Selecções do Readers Digest. Lisbon. Monthly.

   ■ Semanário económico. Lisbon. Weekly.

   ■ Setúbal arqueologica. Setúbal. Semiannual.

   ■ Sigila. Paris. 1998-. Semiannual.

   ■ Sintria. Sintra. Annual.

   ■ Sociedade e Território. Revista de estudos urbanos e regionais. Oporto. 1986-. Quarterly.

   ■ Studia. Lisbon. Quarterly.

   ■ Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. New York. Quarterly.

   ■ Studium Generale. Oporto. Quarterly.

   ■ Tempo, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.

   ■ Tempo e o Modo, O. Lisbon. 1968-74. Quarterly.

   ■ Trabalhos da Sociedade Portuguesa de Antropologia. Oporto. Semiannual.

   ■ Trabalhos de Antropologia E Etnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Lisbon. Annual.

   ■ Translation. New York. Quarterly.

   ■ Ultramar. Lisbon. 1960-71. Quarterly.

   ■ Veja. São Paulo. Weekly news magazine.

   ■ Veleia. Lisbon. Semiannual.

   ■ Vida Mundial. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.

   ■ West European Politics. London. Quarterly.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > INTRODUCTION

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

The Case of the curious bride — est un film américain réalisé par Michael Curtiz, sorti en 1935. Sommaire 1 Synopsis 2 Fiche technique 3 Distribution 4 Lien ex … Wikipédia en Français
The Case of the Curious Bride — est un film américain réalisé par Michael Curtiz, sorti en 1935. Sommaire 1 Synopsis 2 Fiche technique 3 Distribution 4 Lien externe … Wikipédia en Français
The Case of the Curious Bride — Infobox Film name = The Case of the Curious Bride image size = caption = director = Michael Curtiz producer = Harry Joe Brown (uncredited) writer = Erle Stanley Gardner (novel and story) Tom Reed Brown Holmes (add. dialogue) starring = Warren… … Wikipedia
The Case of the Lucky Legs — Infobox Film name = The Case of the Lucky Legs image size = caption = director = Archie Mayo producer = writer = Erle Stanley Gardner (novel, uncredited) Jerome Chodorov (adaptation) Brown Holmes Ben Markson starring = Warren William Genevieve… … Wikipedia
Murder Was the Case — For the Gucci Mane album, see Murder Was the Case (Gucci Mane album). Murder Was the Case Soundtrack album by Various artists … Wikipedia
Murder Was the Case — Données clés Titre original Murder Was the Case: The Movie Réalisation Dr. Dre Scénario Philip G. Atwell Dr. Dre d après une histoire de Snoop Dogg Sociétés de production Death Row … Wikipédia en Français
Murder Was The Case — B.O. par Divers artistes Sortie 14 octobre 1994 Enregistrement 1994 Durée 68:30 Genre(s) Hip hop Producteur(s) … Wikipédia en Français
Murder Was the Case — Banda sonora de Varios artistas Publicación 14 de octubre, 1994 Grabación 1993 1994 Género(s) West Coast hip hop, gangsta rap, G Funk Duración … Wikipedia Español
Brown v. Board of Education — of Topeka … Wikipedia
Brown Lake (Stradbroke Island) — Infobox lake lake name = Brown Lake image lake = caption lake = image bathymetry = caption bathymetry = location = North Stradbroke Island, Queensland coords = coord|27|29.5|S|153|25.9|E|region:AU QLD type:waterbody source:GNS… … Wikipedia
Brown University — The Brown University Seal Latin: Universitas Brunensis Motto In Deo Speramus (Latin) Motto in English … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

the case of Brown

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

the case of Brown

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: